Composition for enhancing induction of humoral immunity, and vaccine pharmaceutical composition

ABSTRACT

The present invention aims to provide a composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and a vaccine pharmaceutical composition that can be universally used for various antigens in inducing humoral immunity to antigens, contain a Th2 reaction promoter, and exerts a high humoral immunity inducing effect. The present invention relates to a vaccine pharmaceutical composition containing an antigen for humoral immunity induction and at least one Th2 reaction. promoter.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/501,271, filed Feb. 2, 2017, which is a National Stage of PCT/JP2015/072101 filed Aug. 4, 2015, which claims foreign priority to JP 2014-158999, filed Aug. 4, 2014. Each application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a composition for promoting humoral immunity induction containing a Th2 reaction promoter and a vaccine pharmaceutical composition for humoral immunity induction containing the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction.

BACKGROUND ART

Common widely used vaccines are made from pathogens (e.g., microorganisms, viruses) or such pathogens whose toxicity is partially weakened or eliminated. The vaccines are administered to living bodies to induce immunity to prevent infectious diseases.

Dendritic cells after having engulfed viruses, microorganisms, or like foreign bodies migrate to lymph nodes and give naive T cells (Th0 cells) the information of the foreign bodies, thus inducing the differentiation of helper T cells. Through the interaction with dendritic cells, Th0 cells differentiate into type 1 helper T cells (Th1 cells), which are responsible for cellular immunity, and type 2 helper T cells (Th2 cells), which are responsible for humoral immunity (see Non-Patent Literature 1, for example).

Many toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in immunocompetent cells responsible for the innate immunity system, including dendritic cells. They are activated upon receiving a TLR ligand and promote the differentiation of helper T cells, thus inducing an effective immune reaction (see Non-Patent Literature 2, for example). For immunity activation, only the reaction routes via TLRs have been known, and other reaction routes have remained unclear.

It is known that the direction of the differentiation of helper T cells is controllable with biological signaling molecules such as cytokines. Such control is widely employed in in vitro testing systems. The dendritic cells are activated by stimuli such as cytokines and assumed to determine the direction of the helper T cell differentiation through complicated signal transduction. That is, the “state” of dendritic cells decides the differentiation of T cells, leading to the induction of the cellular immunity or the humoral immunity. The former, where Th 1 cells serve as the center of the reaction, is called Th1 reaction. Similarly, the latter is called Th2 reaction (see Non-Patent Literature 3, for example).

The promotion of immune reactions via TLRs as described above has been known, but promotion of a humoral immune response (Th2 reaction) via other reactions, that is, reactions not involving TLR stimuli by TLR ligands, has yet to be reported.

It is known that immunity activation effects can be given by toxins such as cholera toxin or Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin or fat/oil adjuvants that enhance the effects of immune reactions by slow-release of antigens. However, they have problems in terms of the balance between the safety and the efficacy (see Non-Patent Literature 4, for example). Thus, adjuvants capable of activating immunity while ensuring safety are demanded.

CITATION LIST Non Patent Literature

Non-Patent Literature 1: Lipscomb M F. et al., Physiol Rev., 82, 97-130 (2002)

Non-Patent Literature 2: Mazzoni A. et al., J Leukoc Biol., 75, 721-730 (2004)

Non-Patent Literature 3: Zhou. L. et al., Immunity, 30, 646-655 (2009)

Non-Patent Literature 4: Stevceva L. et al., Curr Pharm Des, 11, 801-811 (2005)

SUMMARY OF' INVENTION Technical Problem

In view of the situation in the art mentioned above, the present invention aims to provide a composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and a vaccine pharmaceutical composition which are universally usable for various antigens in the induction of humoral immunity to antigens, contain a Th2 reaction promoter, and exert a high humoral immunity inducing effect.

Solution to Problem

The present inventors found out that applying an external stimulus to a dendritic cell using a specific drug when the cell engulfs an antigen can promote the Th2 reaction, allowing promotion of induction of humoral immunity. This is presumably because such a stimulus causes signal transduction in the dendritic cell to activate the cell, thus leading to induction of humoral immunity. This enables promotion of induction of humoral immunity via a reaction not involving a TLR stimulus by a TLR ligand.

Specifically, the above specific drug may be a drug that promotes the synthesis, or reduce the decomposition, of cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is responsible for signal transduction in cells, or a drug that suppresses a stimulus to phospholipase C (PLC).

Accordingly, the present invention found out that direct administration of a specific drug that promotes Th2 reaction together with or separately from an antigen to the same site or different sites of a living body enables effective induction of antigen-specific humoral immunity via a reaction not involving a TLR stimulus by a TLR ligand.

One aspect of the present invention provides composition for promoting humoral immunity induction containing a Th2 reaction promoter.

The Th2 reaction promoter in the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction of the present invention is preferably at least one of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor or a G protein-coupled receptor ligand.

The Th2 reaction promoter of the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction of the present invention is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a drug that promote synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP), a drug that reduces decomposition of cyclic AMP (cAMP), and a drug that suppresses a stimulus to phospholipase C (PLC).

In the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction of the present invention, the drug that promotes synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an adrenergic receptor ligand, a muscarinic receptor ligand, a dopamine receptor ligand, a histamine receptor ligand, a serotonin receptor ligand, and a vasopressin receptor ligand, the drug that reduces decomposition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an adreneraic receptor ligand, a muscarinic receptor ligand, a dopamine receptor ligand, a histamine receptor ligand, a serotonin receptor ligand, a PAF receptor ligand, a purine receptor ligand, an opioid receptor ligand, a leukotriene receptor ligand, and an angiotensin receptor ligand, and the drug that suppresses a stimulus to phospholipase C (PLC) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an adrenergic receptor ligand, a muscarinic receptor ligand, a histamine receptor ligand, a serotonin receptor ligand, a PAF receptor ligand, a vasopressin receptor ligand, a leukotriene receptor ligand, and an angiotensin receptor ligand.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a vaccine pharmaceutical composition containing an antigen for humoral immunity induction and the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction.

The vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably administered to a body surface.

The vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is preferably administered by intradermal injection, subcutaneous injection, or intramuscular injection.

The present invention will be described below.

The composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention are used for humoral immunity induction.

The vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains an antigen for inducing humoral immunity and the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction in combination, so that it can effectively induce humoral immunity. The antigen and the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction may be contained together in a formulation, or may be in different formulations and used in combination.

The humoral immunity inducing effect may be quantitatively determined by any method. Various methods have been developed. For example, the effect can be determined by an immunity induction test using an animal model for immunity evaluation and ELISA (antigen-specific IgG antibody). The sample for determining humoral immunity may be, for example, blood of the animal model for immunity evaluation.

As used herein, the term “composition for promoting humoral immunity induction” means any substance that can improve the efficiency to induce humoral immunity to an antigen administered with the substance, as compared to the efficiency obtained without the substance. The substance is not limited by the mechanism of promoting humoral immunity induction, but the term means those specified herein.

As used herein, the term “Th2 reaction promoter” means a substance that promotes the entire series of Th2 reactions that induce the differentiation of a Th0 cell into a Th2 cell for antibody production. Specifically, the term means a drug that increases cAMP or suppresses PLC.

The Th2 reaction promoter is preferably a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and/or a G protein-coupled receptor ligand. In the present invention, any C protein-coupled receptor ligand can be used, but preferably a G protein-coupled receptor agonist and/or a G protein-coupled receptor antagonist are/is used because in such a case a phosphodiesterase inhibitor or a ligand for a C protein-coupled receptor can be used to increase the intracellular cAMP concentration and an antagonist for a C protein-coupled receptor can be used to suppress PLC.

In one preferred embodiment, the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction contains the Th2 reaction promoter in which the drug that promotes synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) is at least one selected from the group consisting of an adrenergic receptor ligand, a muscarinic receptor ligand, a dopamine receptor ligand, a histamine receptor ligand, a serotonin receptor ligand, and a vasopressin receptor ligand, the drug that reduces decomposition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) is at least one selected from the group consisting of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an adrenergic receptor ligand, a muscarinic receptor ligand, a dopamine receptor ligand, a histamine receptor ligand, a serotonin receptor ligand, a PAF receptor ligand, a purine receptor ligand, an opioid receptor ligand, a leukotriene receptor ligand, and an angiotensin receptor ligand, and the drug that suppresses a stimulus to phospholipase C (PLC) is at least one selected from the group consisting of an adrenergic receptor ligand, a muscarinic receptor ligand, a histamine receptor ligand, a serotonin receptor ligand, a PAF receptor ligand, a vasopressin receptor ligand, a leukotriene receptor ligand, and an angiotensin receptor ligand.

As used herein, the term “phosphodiesterase inhibitor” means a substance that inhibits the function of a phosphodiesterase (PDE) that decomposes cAMP. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor is also referred so as “PDE inhibitor”. Some PDE inhibitors selectively act on specific phosphodiesterases (phosphodiesterases have subtypes such as PDE1 and PDE2.), and others have no selectivity. Examples of PDE inhibitors usable in the present invention include aminophylline, theophylline, pentoxifylline, proxyphylline, caffeine, IBMX, resveratrol, vinpocetine, EHNA, amrinone, milrinone, olprinone, cilostazol, enoximone, pimobendan, vesnarinone, bucladesine, quazinone, trequinsin, anagrelide, cilostamide, siguazodan, zardaverine, KMUP-1, RPL-554 rolipram, roflumilast, cilomilast, arofylline, ibudilast, denbutyline, drotaverine, etazolate, filaminast, glaucine, irsogladine, mesembrine, piclamilast, OPC6535, R020-1724, CP-80633, HT-0712, ICI-63197, RPL-554, YM-976, ASB16165, BRL50481, papaverine, tofisopam, SCH51866, dipyridamole, zaprinast, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the PDE inhibitor is resveratrol, vinpocetine, EHNA, cilostazol, pimobendan, BRL50481, and/or dipyridamole.

As used herein, the term “G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)” herein means a substance which is a 7-transmembrane receptor localized in the cell membrane and is coupled to a G protein present on the inner side of the cell membrane so as to transduce signals in communication via extracellular neurotransmitters or the like. G proteins are trimeric proteins consisting of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ. Binding of a ligand to the GPCR causes dissociation into the GPCR, Gα, and a Gβγ complex. Gα is involved with an increase in cAMP and activation of PLC. Gα is largely divided into three subunits: Gs, which activates adenylate cyclase to promote the synthesis of cAMP; Gs, which, suppresses the synthesis of cAMP; and Gq, which activates PLC. Accordingly, in order to increase cAMP, an agonist for a Gs-coupled GPCR or an antagonist for a Gi-coupled GPCR is used. In order to suppress PLC activation, an antagonist for a Gq-coupled GPCR is used.

In the present invention, the agonist for the G protein-coupled receptor and the antagonist for the G protein-coupled receptor are each at least one selected from the group consisting of an adrenergic receptor agonist, an adrenergic receptor antagonist, a muscarinic receptor agonist, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, a dopamine receptor agonist, a dopamine receptor antagonist, a histamine receptor agonist, a histamine receptor antagonist, a serotonin receptor agonist, a serotonin receptor antagonist, a PAF receptor antagonist, a purine receptor antagonist, a vasopressin receptor agonist, a vasopressin receptor antagonist, an opioid receptor antagonist, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, and an angiotensin receptor antagonist. Table 1 shows the types and subtypes of GPCRs for Th2 reaction promotion, Gα, and the relation of the GPCRs with agonists/antagonists.

TABLE 1 Transduction Th2 GPCR Subtype Gα mechanism promotion Adrenaline α 1 Gq ↑ PLC Antagonist α 2 Gi ↓ cAMP Antagonist β 1,2,3 Gs ↑ cAMP Agonist Muscarine M1,3,5 Gq ↑ PLC Antagonist M2,4 Gi ↓ cAMP Antagonist Dopamine D1,5 Gs ↑ cAMP Agonist D2,3,4 Gi ↓ cAMP Antagonist Histamine H1 Gq ↑ PLC Antagonist H2 Gs ↑ cAMP Agonist H3,4 Gi ↓ cAMP Antagonist Serotonin 5-HT4,6,7 Gs ↑ cAMP Agonist 5-HT1, 5 Gi ↓ cAMP Antagonist 5-HT2 Gq ↑ PLC Antagonist PAF — Gi & Gq ↓ cAMP ↑ PLC Antagonist Purine P2Y12 Gi ↓ cAMP Antagonist Vasopressin V1 Gq ↑ PLC Antagonist V2 Gs ↑ cAMP Agonist Opioid μ, k, σ Gi ↓ cAMP Antagonist Leukotriene BLT Gq & Gi ↓ cAMP ↑ PLC Antagonist CysLT Gi & Gq ↓ cAMP ↑ PLC Antagonist Angiotensin AT1 Gq ↑ PLC Antagonist AT2 Gi ↓ cAMP Antagonist

In the present invention, any adrenergic receptor ligand can be used. An adrenergic receptor agonist and/or an adrenergic receptor antagonist can preferably be used. As used herein, the term “adrenergic receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on adrenergic receptors. Examples thereof include β1 receptor agonists, β2 receptor agonists, and β3 receptor agonists. Among the adrenergic receptor subtypes, β, β2, and β3 are coupled to Gs.

As used herein, the term “adrenergic receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on adrenergic receptors. Examples thereof include α1 receptor antagonists and α2 receptor antagonists. Among the adrenergic receptor subtypes, α1 is coupled to Gq, and α2 is coupled to Gi.

As used herein, the term “β1 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on β1 receptors. The term “β2 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on β2 receptors. The term β3 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on β3 receptors. Examples of the β1 receptor agonists, β2 receptor agonists, and/or β3 receptor agonists include isoprenaline, dobutamine, ephedrine, cimaterol, denopamine, dipivefrine, isoxsuprine, ritodrine, fenoterol, orciprenaline, salbutamol, terbutaline, trimetoquinol, tulobuterol, salmeterol, formoterol, clenbuterol, procaterol, indacaterol, methoxyphenamine, clorprenaline, levarterenol, zinterol, amibegron, mirabegron, ritobegron, solabecron, BRL 37344, CL 316243, ICI 215001, SR 58611A, ZD 2079, ZD 7114, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

As used herein, the term “α1 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on α1 receptors. The term “α2 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on α2 receptors. Examples of the α1 receptor antagonists and/or α2 receptor antagonists include tamsulosin, prazosin, indoramin, trimazosin, doxazosin, urapidil, ketanserin, phentolamine, tolazoline, nicergoline, moxisylyte, ifenprodil, alfuzosin, terazosin, silodosin, ergotamine, risperidone, mianserin, bunazosin, setiptiline, BE 2254, 2-MPMDQ, 2-PMDQ, Rec 15/2615, RS 100329, RS 17053, SNAP 5089, WB 4101, imiloxan, phenoxybenzamine, yohimbine, chlorpromazine, asenapine, mirtazapine, aptazapine, atipamezole, delequamine, setiptiline, A 80426, ARC 239, BRL 44408, efaroxan, idazoxan, imiloxan, JP 1302, rauwolscine, RS 79948, RX 821002, SKF 86466, spiroxatrine, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any muscarinic receptor ligand can be used. A muscarinic receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “muscarinic receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on muscarinic receptors. Examples thereof include M1 receptor antagonists, M2 receptor antagonists, M3 receptor antagonists, M4 receptor antagonists, and M5 receptor antagonists. Among the muscarinic receptor subtypes, M1, M3, and M5 are coupled to Gq, and M2 and M4 are coupled to Gi.

As used herein, the term “M1 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on M1 receptors. The term “M2 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on M2 receptors. The term “M3 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on M3 receptors. The term “M4 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on M4 receptors. The term “M5 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on M5 receptors. Examples of the M1 receptor antagonists, M2 receptor antagonists, M3 receptor antagonists, M4 receptor antagonists and/or M5 receptor antagonists include trimebutine, piperidolate, propantheline, methanthelinium, tridihexethyl, isopropamide, hexocyclium, mepenzolate, tiemonium, prifinium, timepidium, scopolamine, atoropine, hyoscyamine, fentonium, cimetropium, propiverine, trospium, fesoterodine, orphenadrine, trihexyphenidiyl, metixene, procyclidine, profenamine, dexetimide, mazaticol, benztropine, ethybenztropine, ipratropium, oxitropium, cyclopentolate, homatropine, acridinium, benzetimide, butropium, darotropium, diphenylpiperidinomethyldioxolan, diponium, etomidoline, eucatropine, flutropium, methylbenactyzium, methyloctatropine, oxapium, pipethanate, piroheptine, umeclidinium, valethamate, pirenzepine, dicycloverine, dicylomine, acotiamide, imidafenacin, biperiden, nitrocaramiphen, telenzepine, VU 0255035, oxybutynin, esoxybutynin, tripitramine, dimethindene, AF-DX 116, AF-DX 384, AQ-RA 741, oxyphencyclimine, camylofine, glycopyrronium, tolterodine, solifenacin, darifenacin, tiotropium, tiquizium, 4-DAMP, DAU 5884 hydrochloride J 104129 fumarate, zamifenacin, tropicamide, PD 102807, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any dopamine receptor ligand can be used. A dopamine receptor agonist and/or a dopamine receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “dopamine receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on dopamine receptors. Examples thereof include D1 receptor agonists and D5 receptor agonists. Among the dopamine receptor subtypes, D1 and D5 are coupled to Gs.

As used herein, the term “dopamine receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on dopamine receptors. Examples thereof include D2 receptor antagonists, D3 receptor antagonists, and D4 receptor antagonists. Among the dopamine receptor subtypes, D2, D3, and D4 are coupled to Gi.

As used herein, the term “D1 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on D1 receptors. The term “D5 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on D5 receptors. Examples of the D1 receptor agonists and/or the D5 receptor agonist include fenoldopam, adrogolide, A 68930 hydrochloride, A 77636 hydrochloride, CY 208-243, dihydrexidine hydrochloride, SKF 81297 hydrobromide, SKF 83822 hydrobromide, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

As used herein, the term “D2 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on D2 receptors. The term “D3 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on D3 receptors. The term “D4 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on D4 receptors. Examples of the D2 receptor antagonists, the D3 receptor antagonists, and/or D4 receptor antagonists include metoclopramide, domperidone, bromopride, alizapride, metopimazine, chlorpromazine, levomepromazine, promazine, triflupromazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, prochlorperazine, thioridazine, haloperidol, trifluperidol, moperone, pipamperone, bromperidol, droperidol, molindone, sertindole, ziprasidone, pimozide, loxapine, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, asenapine, sulpiride, sultopride, tiapride, remoxipride, levosulpiride, risperidone, mosapramine, zotepine, paliperidone, opipramol, aplindore, bifeprunox, blonanserin, cariprazine, clocapramine, iloperidone, mazapertine, methoxypromazine maleate, nemonapride, perospirone, piquindone, spiperone, timiperone, tiospirone, raclopride, eticlopride hydrochloride, GR 103691, nafadotride, NGB 2904, PG 01037 dihydrochloride, PNU 177864 hydrochloride, SB 277011A dihydrochloride, U 99194 Maleate, fananserin, sonepiprazole, L-741, 742 hydrochloride, L-745, 870 trihydrochloride, PD 168568 dihydrochloride, PNU 96415E, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any histamine receptor ligand can be used. A histamine receptor agonist and/or a histamine receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “histamine receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on histamine receptors. Examples thereof include H2 receptor agonists. Among the histamine receptor subtypes, H2 is coupled to Gs.

As used herein, the term “histamine receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on histamine receptors. Examples thereof include H1 receptor antagonists, H3 receptor antagonists, and H4 receptor antagonists. Among the histamine receptor subtypes, H1 is coupled to Gq, and H3 and H4 are coupled to Gi.

As used herein, the term “H2 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on H2 receptors. Examples of the H2 receptor agonists include impromidine hydrochloride, amthamine dihydrobromide, dimaprit dihydrochloride, HTMT dimaleate, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

As used herein, the term “H1 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on H1 receptors. The term “H3 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on H3 receptors. The term “H4 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on H4 receptors. Examples of the H1 receptor antagonists, the H3 receptor antagonists, and/or the H4 receptor antagonists include ketanserin, thonzylamine, mepyramine, tripelennamine, promethazine, dimethindene, clemastine, bamipine, isothipendyl, diphenhydramine, chlorphenoxamine, dimetotiazine, hydroxyzine, cinnarizine, levocabastine, azelastine, antazoline, olopatadine, diphenylpyraline, carbinoxamine, doxylamine, bromphendramine, dexchlorpheniramine, chlorpheniramine, pheniramine, alimemazine, mequitazine, cyclizine, meclizine, oxatomide, cetirizine, levocetirizine, cyproheptadine, phenindamine, triprolidine, azatadine, astemizole, loratadine, ketotifen, acrivastine, ebastine, epinastine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, rupatadine, bilastine, emedastine, alcaftadine, bepotastine, dimenhydrinate, dioxopromethazine, homochlorcyclizine, icotidine, mizolastine, noberastine, rocastine, tecastemizole, temelastine, irdabisant, betahistine, thioperamide, BE 2649 hydrochloride, burimamide oxalate, carcinine ditrifluoroacetate, clobenpropit dihydrobromide, conessine, GT 2016, impentamine dihydrobromide, iodophenpropit dihydrobromide, JNJ 10181457 dihydrochloride, JNJ 5207852 dihydrochloride, ROS 234 dioxalate, SEN 12333, VUF 5681 dihydrobromide, A 943931 dihydrochloride, A 987306, JNJ 10191584 maleate, JNJ 7777120, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any serotonin receptor ligand can be used. A serotonin receptor agonist and/or serotonin receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “serotonin receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on serotonin receptors. Examples thereof include 5-HT4 receptor agonists, 5-HT6 receptor agonists, and 5-HT7 receptor agonists. Among the serotonin receptor subtypes, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 are coupled to Gs.

As used herein, the term “serotonin receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on serotonin receptors. Examples thereof include 5-HT1 receptor antagonists, 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, and 5-HT5 receptor antagonists. Among the serotonin receptor subtypes, 5-HT1 and 5-HT5 are coupled to Gi, and 5-HT2 is coupled to Gq.

As used herein, the term “5-HT4 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on 5-HT4 receptors. The term “5-HT6 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on 5-HT6 receptors. The term “5-HT 7 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on 5-HT7 receptors. Examples of the 5-HT4 receptor agonists, the 5-HT6 receptor agonists, and/or the 5-HT7 receptor agonists include tegaserod, prucalopride, cisapride, mosapride, naronapride, renzapride, velusetrag, zacopride, BIMU 8, benzothiazole, END 386088, EMDT, ST 1936, WAY 208466, AS 19, LP 12, LP 44, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

As used herein, the term. “5-HT1 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on 5-HT1 receptors. The term “5-HT2 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on 5-HT2 receptors. The term “5-HT5 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on 5-HT5 receptors. Examples of the 5-HT1 receptor antagonists, the 5-HT2 receptor antagonists, and/or the 5-HT1 receptor antagonists include elzasonan, lecozotan, alprenolol, cyanopindolol, MM 77, NAD 299, NAN-190, pindolol, SDZ 21009, spiroxatrine, (S)-WAY 100135, WAY 100635, GR 127935, SR 55562, isamoltane, LY 393558, NAS-181, SB 216641, SB 224289, BRL 15572, LY 310762, dimetotiazine, levomepromazine, asenapine, chlorpromazine, ziprasidone, opipramol, mianserin, mirtazapine, cinanserin, glemanserin, metrenperone, pelanserin, setiptiline, tropanserin, ketanserin, naftidrofuryl, pizotifen, risperidone, pipamperone, sertindole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, mosapramine, zotepine, paliperidone, trazodone, nefazodone, altanserin, amesergide, bionanserin, eplivanserin, fananserin, iloperidone, lubazodone, perospirone, pimavanserin, pruvanserin, ritanserin, sarpogrelate, spiperone, temanogrel, AT 1015, dimethyltryptamine, DV 7028, EMD 281014, 4F 4PP, MDL 11, 939, melperone, mesulergine, ATC 0175, LY 266097, LY 272015, RS 127445, SB 200646, SB 204741, SB 206553, SB 221284, SB 228357, SDZ SER 082, methysergide, agomelatine, tedatioxetine, RS 102221, S 32212, SB 242084, SB 243213, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any PAF receptor ligand can be used. A PAF receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “PAF receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptors. Examples of the PAF receptor antagonist include apafant, israpafant, lexipafant, ginkgolide B, PCA 4248, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof. The PAF receptor is coupled to Gi and Gq.

In the present invention, any purine receptor ligand can be used. A purine receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “purine receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on purine receptors. Examples thereof include P2Y12 receptor antagonists. Among the purine receptor subtypes, P2Y12 is coupled to Gi.

As used herein, the term “P2Y12 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on P2Y12 receptors. Examples of the P2Y12 receptor antagonists include clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, ticagrelor, cangrelor, elinogrel, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any vasopressin receptor ligand can be used. A vasopressin receptor agonist and/or vasopressin receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “vasopressin receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on vasopressin receptors. Examples thereof include V2 receptor agonists. Among the vasopressin receptor subtypes, V2 is coupled to Gs.

As used herein, the term “vasopressin receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on vasopressin receptors. Examples thereof include V1 receptor antagonists. Among the vasopressin receptor subtypes, V1 is coupled to Gq.

As used herein, the term “V2 receptor agonist” means a substance that itself has a function to act on V2 receptors. Examples of the V2 receptor agonists include vasopressin, desmopressin, lypressin, terlipressin, ornipressin, argipressin, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

As used herein, the term “V1 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on V1 receptors. Examples of the 1 receptor antagonists include OPC 21268, SR 49059, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any opioid receptor ligand can be used. An opioid receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “opioid receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on opioid receptors. Examples thereof include μ receptor antagonists, κ receptor antagonists, and δ receptor antagonists. Among the opioid receptor subtypes, μ, κ, and δ are coupled to Gi.

As used herein, the term “μ receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on μ receptors. As used herein, the term “κ receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on κ receptors. As used herein, the term “δ receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on δ receptors. Examples of the μ receptor antagonists, the κ receptor antagonists, and/or the δ receptor antagonists include alvimopan, nalbuphine, naltrexone, nalorphine, naloxone, cyclazocine, eptazocine, naldemedine, quadazocine, clocinnamox, cyprodime, β-funaltrexamine, naloxonazine, binaltorphimine, DIPPA, GNTI, ML 190, rimcazole, benzylnaltrindole, BNTX, naltriben, naltrindole, SDM25N, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any leukotriene receptor ligand can be used. A leukotriene receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “leukotriene receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on leukotriene receptors. Examples thereof include BLT receptor antagonists and CysLT receptor antagonists. Among the leukotriene receptor subtypes, BLT and CysLT are coupled to Gi and Gq.

As used herein, the term “BLT receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on BLT receptors. As used herein, the term “CysLT receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on CysLT receptors. Examples of the BLT receptor antagonists and/or the CysLT receptor antagonists include LY 255283, zafirlukast, pranlukast, montelukast, ablukast, pobilukast edamine, ritolukast, sulukast, tipelukast, tomelukast, verlukast, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

In the present invention, any angiotensin receptor ligand can be used. An angiotensin receptor antagonist can preferably be used.

As used herein, the term “angiotensin receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on angiotensin receptors. Examples thereof include AT1 receptor antagonists and AT2 receptor antagonists. Among the angiotensin receptor subtypes, AT1 is coupled to Gq, and AT2 is coupled to Gi.

As used herein, the term “AT1 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on AT1 receptors. As used herein, the term “AT2 receptor antagonist” means a substance that itself has a function to inhibit action on AT2 receptors. Examples of the AT1 receptor antagonists and/or the AT2 receptor antagonists include losartan potassium, eprosartan, valsartan, irbesartan, candesartan, telmisartan, olmesartan, azilsartan, forasartan, saralasin acetate, PD 123319, and derivatives thereof, and pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof.

The vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains at least one antigen and the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction.

As used herein, the term “antigen” means any substance that can induce an immune response. Any antigen may be used. Examples thereof include infectious disease-derived antigens.

As used herein, the term “infectious disease-derived antigen” means an infectious pathogen or a component thereof or any substance derived from thereof, capable of inducing an immune response (e.g., maturation of an immunocompetent cell, increase in cytokine production, promotion of antibody production). An infectious disease can be addressed (for example, treated or prevented) by administering the infectious disease-derived antigen with the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction to a subject using the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention.

As used herein, the term “infectious disease” means a disease caused by infection with an infectious pathogen or multiplication of an infectious pathogen.

The infectious disease is not limited. Examples thereof include virus diseases such as diseases caused by infection with adenovirus (e.g., human adenovirus), herpesvirus (e.g., herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus), picornavirus (e.g., poliovirus, common cold virus, hepatitis A virus), poxvirus (e.g., smallpox virus, vaccinia virus, molluscum contagiosum virus), picornavirus (e.g., rhinovirus, enterovirus), orthomyxovirus (e.g., influenza virus), paramyxovirus (e.g., parainfluenza virus, mumps virus, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Newcastle disease virus), parvovirus (e.g., adeno associated virus), togavirus (e.g., rubella virus), coronavirus (e.g., SAPS coronavirus), hepadnavirus (e.g., hepatitis B virus), flavivirus (e.g., Japanese encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, dengue virus, West Nile fever virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Murray Valley encephalitis virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis G virus), hepevirus (e.g., hepatitis E virus), papillomavirus (e.g., human papilloma virus), calicivirus (e.g., norovirus), rhabdovirus (e.g., rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus), filovirus (e.g., Ebola hemorrhagic fever virus), arenavirus (e.g., Lassa virus, hepatitis D virus), bunyavirus (e.g., California encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus), reovirus (e.g., rotavirus), or retrovirus (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), adult T-cell leukemia virus); bacterial diseases such as those caused by infection with a bacterium such as Escherichia, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Shigella, Listeria, Aerobacter, Helicobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Pneumococci, Neisseria, Clostridium, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Campyrobacter, Vibrio, Serratia, Providencia, Chromobacterium, Brucella, Yersinia, Haemophilus, or Bordetella; fungous diseases such as chlamydia, candidiasis, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis, and cryptococcal meningitis; malaria; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; leishmaniasis; cryptosporidiosis; toxoplasmosis; and Trypanosoma infection.

The amount of the Th2 reaction promoter in the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction of the present invention is not limited. The amount is preferably 0.0001 to 100% by weight, more preferably 0.001 to 80% by weight, still more preferably 0.1 to 50% by weight, most preferably 0.05 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

The amount of the antigen in the vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not limited. The amount is preferably 0.000001 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.00001 to 20% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.

The amount of the Th2 reaction promoter in the vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is not limited. The amount is preferably 0.001 to 10000 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 10000 parts by weight based on 1 part by weight of the antigen.

If the amount of the Th2 reaction promoter is less than 0.001 parts by weight, the immunity inducing effect may be insufficient. If the amount is more than 10000 parts by weight, the vaccine pharmaceutical composition may cause safety issues.

The composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may contain additive(s), if necessary. The additives can be selected from isotonizing agents, antiseptics, antioxidants, resolvents, solubilizing agents, suspending agents, fillers, pH adjusters, stabilizers, absorption promoters, release-rate controlling agents, colorants, plasticizers, crosslinking agents, and adhesives depending on, for example, the main components of the base, the compatibility with the antigen and the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction, or intended administration regimen. These additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.

The composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be intradermally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly administered. They also may be administered to the body surface. The administration to the body surface may be transdermal administration or transmucosal administration. Accordingly, the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be a vaccine pharmaceutical composition for intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration, or may be a vaccine pharmaceutical composition for transdermal administration or transmucosal administration. The transdermal administration may be noninvasive or minimally invasive.

Injections cause pain, fear, and injection scars with subsequent cicatrization, putting a psychological burden on patients. When repetitive administrations are required, regular hospital visits put a burden on patient life. For the QOL of patients, consideration needs to be given to these burdens. Consideration also needs to be given to the fact that injections are permitted only for health care workers, that the intradermal injection, which has high immune effects, requires difficult manipulation, that health care workers have a risk of infection via needle stick injury, and that injections generates medical waste requiring specific waste treatment, such as injection needles. In view of this, the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and the vaccine pharmaceutical composition are preferably administered to the body surface.

As used herein, the term “subject” means any animal to which the vaccine pharmaceutical composition at a practical stage can be administered so as to induce an immune response. The term typically means mammals including human, mouse, rat, canine, feline, leporine, equine, bovine, ovine, porcine, caprine, simian, and chimpanzee. The subject is particularly preferably a human.

<Vaccine Pharmaceutical Composition for Intradermal Subcutaneous, or Intramuscular Administration>

The vaccine pharmaceutical composition for intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration of the present invention exerts a high humoral immunity inducing effect in intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration of various antigens to the subject. In particular for immunity for prevention of infectious diseases, vaccines can be easily invasively administered to the inside of the body because the intrusion of microorganisms or viruses through the skin is usually prevented due to their size.

As used herein, the term “for intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration” in the pharmaceutical composition for intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration refers to any form that has a certain degree of fluidity that allows administration by injection, such as a solution, a suspension, or a cream. The categories, definition, characteristics, production processes, and the like of these compositions are well known in the art. See the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition, for example.

The solvent for solutions may be, for example, an appropriate amount water or saline, ethanol, glycerin, or propylene glycol. A solution can be prepared by dispersing or dissolving components into the solvent.

Examples of the base usable for aqueous suspensions include hydrogel bases, such as carboxyvinyl polymers, gel bases, fat-free ointment, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, sodium alginate, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC), ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyvinyl polymers, tragacanth, gum arabic, tara gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, agar, gellan gum, glucomannan, locust bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan, dextrin, dextran, amylose, potassium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, pullulan, chitosan, sodium carboxymethyl starch, Plantago testa, galactomannan, Eudragit, casein, alkyl alginate, gelatin, and polyethylene glycol. A fluidic suspension can be prepared by dissolving any of these bases into a solvent. The solvent is preferably saline, but glycerin or propylene glycol can also be used.

Examples of the base for hydrophobic suspensions include water/oil-type bases such as hydrophilic ointment and vanishing cream; and oil/water-type bases such as hydrophilic Vaseline, purified lanolin, Aquahole, Eucerin, Neocerin, hydrous lanolin, cold cream, and hydrophilic plastibase. A fat/oil suspension can be prepared by placing any of these bases into a fat/oil solvent or water and stirring the mixture at a high speed with, for example, a homogenizer.

<Composition for Promoting Humoral Immunity Induction for Intradermal, Subcutaneous, or Intramuscular Administration>

The composition for promoting humoral immunity induction for intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration according to the present invention allows, in intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration of various Th2 reaction promoters to the subject, more effective exertion of the humoral immunity induced by various antigens administered together with or separately from the TH2 reaction promoters.

As used herein, the term “for intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration” in the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction for intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration refers to any form that has a certain degree of fluidity that allows administration by injection, such as a solution, a suspension, a cream. The categories, definition, characteristics, production processes, and the like of these compositions are well known in the art. See the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition, for example.

For the above formulations, the same materials as those used for preparing the vaccine pharmaceutical composition for intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration can be used.

<Vaccine Pharmaceutical Composition for Mucosal Administration>

The vaccine pharmaceutical composition for mucosal administration of the present invention exerts a high humoral immunity inducing effect in mucosal administration of various antigens to the subject.

As used herein, the term. “for mucosal administration” in the pharmaceutical composition for mucosal administration may refer to any formulation usually used for mucosal administration, for example, sublingual, transnasal, buccal, rectal, or vaginal administration. Examples of such formulations include semisolid formulations such as gels (jellies), creams, ointments, and plasters, solutions, solid formulations such as powders, fine granules, granules, films, tablets, and orally disintegrating tablets, mucosal sprays such as aerosols, and inhalants. The categories, definition, characteristics, production processes, and the like of these compositions are well known in the art. See the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition, for example.

The solvent for solutions may be, for example, an appropriate amount of water or ethanol, glycerin, or propylene glycol. A solution can be prepared by dispersing or dissolving components in the solvent.

Examples of the base for gels (jellies) include hydrogel bases, such as carboxyvinvl polymers, gel bases, fat-free ointment, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, sodium alginate, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC), ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyvinyl polymers, tragacanth, gum arabic, tare gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, agar, gellan gum, glucomannan, locust bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan, dextrin, dextran, amylose, potassium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, pullulan, chitosan, sodium carboxymethyl starch, Plantago testa, galactomannan, Eudragit, casein, alkyl alginate, gelatin, and polyethylene glycol. A fluid gel or a gel with formability can be prepared by dissolving any of these bases into a solvent. The solvent is preferably water, but glycerin or propylene glycol can also be used.

Examples of the base for creams include water/oil-type bases such as hydrophilic ointment and vanishing cream; and oil/water-type bases such as hydrophilic Vaseline, purified lanolin, Aguahole, Eucerin, Neocerin, hydrous lanolin, cold cream, hydrophilic plastibase. A cream can be prepared by placing any of these bases into a fat/oil solvent or water and stirring the mixture at a high speed with, for example, a homogenizer.

Examples of the base for films include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, sodium alginate, methylcellulose, carboxyvinyl polymers, agar, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC), ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyvinyl polymers, tragacanth, gum arabic, locust bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan, dextrin, dextran, amylose, potassium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, pullulan, chitosan, sodium carboxymethyl starch, Plantago testa, galactomannan, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS, methacrylic acid copolymer L, methacrylic acid copolymer LD, methacrylic acid copolymer S, methyl acrylate-methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyvinyl acetal diethylamino acetate, casein, and alkyl alginate. A film can be prepared by dissolving any of these bases in a polar organic solvent such as water or ethanol, applying the solution to form a thin film, and drying the film. In one preferred embodiment, the vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention for mucosal administration is in the form of a film formulation.

Examples of additives for powders, fine granules, granules, and tablets include excipients such as lactose, corn starch, and crystalline cellulose, and binders such as hydroxypropylcellulose and gum arabic. Powder, fine granules, granules, and tablets can be prepared by mixing and stirring these additives with an appropriate amount of solvent such as water or ethanol and then subjecting the resulting mixture to a combination of processes such as granulation, drying, and tablet compression. If necessary, a lubricant such as magnesium stearate and a coating agent such as hydroxypropylcellulose or sucrose may be added.

Examples of the base for orally disintegrating tablets (freeze dry type) include polysaccharides such as gelatin and pullulan. Forming aids such as mannitol, trehalose, sorbitol, or glycine may also be used. An orally disintegrating tablet (freeze dry type) can be prepared by dissolving these additives in water, dispensing the solution, and then freeze drying it. In one preferred embodiment, the vaccine pharmaceutical composition for mucosal administration of the present invention is in the form of an orally disintegrating tablet.

The content of the aerosol may be, for example, a solution, a highly fluidic gel, a cream, or fine powder such as a powdered drug. Dispersing them as solid or liquid microparticles in a gas using a spray device enables effective administration to an administration site such as the oral mucosa or the nasal mucosa.

Composition for Promoting Humoral Immunity Induction for Mucosal Administration>

The composition for promoting humoral immunity induction for mucosal administration according to the present invention allows, in mucosal administration of various Th2 reaction promoters to the subject, more effective exertion of humoral immunity induced by various antigens administered together with or separately from the TH2 reaction promoters.

As used herein, the term “for mucosal administration” the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction for mucosal administration may refer to any formulation usually used for mucosal administration, such as sublingual, transnasal, buccal, rectal, or vaginal administration. Examples of such a formulation include semisolid formulations such as gels (jellies), creams, ointment, plasters, solutions, solid formulations such as powders, fine granules, granules, films, tablets, and orally disintegrating tablets, mucosal sprays such as aerosols, and inhalants. The categories, definition, characteristics, production processes, and the like of the compositions are well known in the art. See the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition, for example.

For the above formulations, the same materials as those used for preparing the vaccine pharmaceutical composition for mucosal administration can be used.

<Vaccine Pharmaceutical Composition for Transdermal Administration>

As used herein, the term “for transdermal administration” in the pharmaceutical composition for transdermal administration may refer to any formulation usually used for transdermal administration. Examples thereof include solutions for external use such as liniments and lotions, sprays for external use such as aerosols, ointments, plasters, creams, gels, and patches such as tapes or poultices. The categories, definition, characteristics, production processes, and the like of the compositions are well known in the art. See the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition, for example.

Examples of the base for liniments include water, ethanol, fatty oils such as hard paraffin, soft paraffin, liquid paraffin, glycerin, paraffin oil, beeswax, or metallic soap; mucilage; natural oils [e.g., almond oil, corn oil, peanut oil, castor oil, olive oil, derivatives thereof (e.g., polyoxyl castor oil)]; mutton tallow or derivatives thereof, and fatty acids and/or esters (e.g., stearic acid, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate).

Lotion is a formulation containing an active ingredient finely and homogenously dispersed in an aqueous liquid and classified into suspension lotion and emulsion lotion. The suspending agent may be, for example, gum arabic, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, or bentonite. The emulsifier may be, for example, sodium lauryl sulfate or sorbitan fatty acid ester.

Examples of the base usable for ointments include common hydrophobic bases such as fats and oils, waxes, and hydrocarbon compounds. Specific examples include mineral bases such as yellow Vaseline, white Vaseline, paraffin, liquid paraffin, plastibase, and silicone, and animal or vegetable bases such as beeswax and animal or vegetable oils and fats.

Examples of the base for creams include water/oil type bases such as hydrophilic ointment and vanishing cream; and oil/water type bases such as hydrophilic Vaseline, purified lanolin, Aquahole, Eucerin, Neocerin, hydrous lanolin, cold cream, and hydrophilic plastibase.

Examples of gel bases include hydrogel bases such as carboxyvinyl polymers, gel bases, fat-free ointment, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, carboxymethylcellulose, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, sodium alginate, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC), ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, carboxyvinyl polymer, tragacanth, gum arabic, tara gum, tamarind seed gum, psyllium seed gum, agar, gellan gum, glucomannan, locust bean gum, guar gum, carrageenan, dextrin, dextran, amylose, potassium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, pullulan, chitosan, sodium carboxymethyl starch, Plantago testa, galactomannan, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS, methacrylic acid copolymer L, methacrylic acid copolymer LD, methacrylic acid copolymer S, methyl acrylate-methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyvinyl acetal diethylamino acetate, casein, alkyl alginate, gelatin, and polyethylene glycol.

Examples of the base for poultices include gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, sodium polyacrylate, kaolin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, glycerin, propylene glycol, and water.

A tape includes, for example, an adhesive layer and a support for supporting the adhesive layer. The adhesive layer includes, for example, an acrylic adhesive, a natural rubber adhesive, a synthetic rubber adhesive (including rubber elastomers such as synthetic isoprene rubber, polyisobutylene (PIB), styrene-butadiene rubber, and styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) rubber), a silicone adhesive, a vinyl ester adhesive, or a vinyl ether adhesive. If desired, the tape may include a release liner that prevents exposure of the adhesive layer before use and can be easily peeled when the tape is u ed.

The adhesive to constitute the adhesive layer of the tape according to the present invention is not limited. Examples thereof include acrylic adhesives containing an acrylic polymer; rubber adhesives containing a rubber elastomer such as a styrene-diene-styrene block copolymer (e.g., styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer), polyisoprene, polyisobutylene, butyl rubber, or polybutadiene; silicone adhesives such as silicone rubber, dimethyl siloxane-based adhesives, and diphenyl siloxane-based adhesives; vinyl ether adhesives such as polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl ethyl ether, and polyvinyl isobutyl ether; vinyl ester adhesives such as vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer; and polyester adhesives containing a carboxylic acid component (e.g., dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, dimethyl phthalate) and a polyalcohol component (e.g., ethylene glycol). Particularly preferred adhesives are acrylic adhesives, rubber adhesives, and silicone adhesives. The adhesive layer preferably contains the adhesive (s) in an amount of 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 20 to 80% by weight in terms of solids, based on the total weight of the adhesive layer.

Examples of the acrylic adhesives include acrylate adhesives mainly composed of a polymer containing a C2-C18 alkyl (meth)acrylate as a first monomer. Examples of the alkyl (meth)acrylate (first monomer) include alkyl (meth)acrylates having a C1-C18 linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl), with alkyl (meth)acrylates having a C4-C18 linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group (e.g., butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl) being preferred. Moreover, alkyl (meth)acrylates having a C4-C8 linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group (e.g., butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, heptyl, octyl, or 2-ethylhexyl, preferably butyl, 2-ethylhexyl, or cyclohexyl, particularly preferably 2-ethylhexyl) because the use of a monomer component that lowers the glass transition temperature of the polymer is more suitable for providing adhesiveness at normal temperature. Specifically, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, and cyclohexyl methacrylate are more preferred, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is most preferred. These alkyl (meth)acrylates (first monomer components) can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.

The acrylic adhesive may contain a second monomer copolymerizable with the alkyl (meth)acrylate. Examples of the second monomer include monomers having a functional group that can be a crosslinking point when a crosslinking agent is used. Examples of such a functional group that can be involved with crosslinking reaction include a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, and a vinyl group, with a hydroxy group and a carboxy group being preferred. Specific examples of such a monomer (second monomer component) include hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, N-hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylamide, (meth) acrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, and glutaconic acid. From the viewpoint of availabilty, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and hydroxyethyl acrylate (in particular, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) are preferred, with acrylic acid being most preferred. These monomers (second monomer components) can be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.

The acrylic adhesive may contain a third monomer other than the second monomer, if desired. Examples of the third monomer (third monomer component) include vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether; vinylamides such as N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam; alkoxy (meth)acrylates such as methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, ethoxyethyl (meth)acrylate, and tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate; hydroxy group-containing monomers (as the third monomer component, not as a crosslinking point) such as hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate and α-hydroxymethyl acrylate; (meth)acrylic acid derivatives having an amide group such as (meth)acrylamide, dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-butyl(meth)acrylamide, and N-methylol (meth) acrylamide; aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates such as aminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, and t-butylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate; alkoxyalkylene glycol (meth)acrylates such as methoxyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxydiethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, and methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate; (meth)acrylonitrile; monomers having a sulfonic acid such as styrenesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth)acrylate, (meth)acryloyloxynaphthalenesulfonic acid, and acrylamidemethylsulfonic acid; and vinyl group-containing monomers such as vinylpiperidone, vinylpyrimidine, vinylpiperazine, vinylpyrrole, vinylimidazole, vinyloxazole, and vinylmorpholine. Preferred among these are vinyl esters, and vinylamides. A preferred vinyl ester is vinyl acetate, and a preferred vinylamide is N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone. These monomers (third monomer components) can be use alone or in combination of two or more thereof.

When the acrylic adhesive is a copolymer of alkyl (meth)acrylate (first monomer component) and a vinyl monomer (second monomer component) having a functional group that can be involved with crosslinking reaction, the alkyl (meth)acrylate and the vinyl monomer having a functional group that can be involved with crosslinking reaction are preferably copolymerized at a weight ratio (alkyl (meth)acrylate:vinyl monomer having a functional group that can be involved with crosslinking reaction) of 99 to 85:1 to 15, more preferably 99 to 90:1 to 10.

When the acrylic adhesive is a copolymer of alkyl (meth)acrylate (first monomer component), a vinyl monomer (second monomer component) having a functional group that can be involved with crosslinking reaction, and a different monomer (third monomer component), the alkyl (meth)acrylate, the vinyl monomer having a functional group that can be involved with crosslinking reaction, and the different monomer are preferably copolymerized at a weight ratio (alkyl (meth)acrylate:vinyl monomer having a functional group that can be involved with crosslinking reaction: different monomer) of 40 to 94:1 to 15:5 to 50, more preferably 50 to 89:1 to 10:10 to 40.

The polymerization reaction is not limited, and may be performed by a known method per se. For example, the above monomers are reacted in the presence of a polymerization initiator (e.g., benzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile) in a solvent (e.g., ethyl acetate) at 50° C. to 70° C. for 5 to 48 hours.

Examples of particularly preferred acrylic adhesives in the present invention include 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/acrylic acid/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/2-hydroxyethyl acrylate/vinyl acetate copolymer, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/acrylic acid copolymer, with 2-ethylhexyl acrylate/acrylic acid/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer being more preferred.

If desired, these acrylic adhesives may be subjected to physical crosslinking by radiation such as UV irradiation or electron beam irradiation, or may be subjected to chemical crosslinking using various crosslinking agents such as an isocyanate compound (e.g., trifunctional isocyanate), an organic peroxide, an organic metal salt, a metal alcoholate, a metal chelate compound, or a multifunctional compound (e.g., a multifunctional external crosslinking agent, a multifunctional monomer for internal crosslinking such as diacrylate and dimethacrylate).

Examples of the rubber adhesives include those containing a rubber elastomer such as polyisobutylene-polybutene elastomer, styrene-diene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene elastomer, nitrile elastomer, chloroprene elastomer, vinylpyridine elastomer, polyisobutylene elastomer, butyl elastomer, or isoprene-isobutylene elastomer. In particular, from the viewpoint of the solubility to the antigen and the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and the adhesiveness to the skin, preferred elastomers include polyisobutylene (PIB) and styrene-diene-styrene block copolymers [e.g., styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS)]. These elastomers may be used in combination.

In order to obtain suitable adhesion and drug solubility, the rubber adhesive may contain a mixture of rubber elastomers that are the same as or different in the components and different in the average molecular weight. For polyisobutylene, for example, preferred is a mixture of a high-molecular-weight polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight 150,000 to 5,500,000, a middle-molecular-weight polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 150,000, and/or a low-molecular-weight polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight of 500 to 4,000. In the mixture, the amount of the high-molecular-weight polyisobutylene is 10 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 70% by weight based on the total amount of the polyisobutylenes. The amount of the middle-molecular weight polyisobutylene is 0 to 90% by weight, preferably 10 to 80% by weight based on the total amount of the polyisobutylenes. The amount of the low-molecular-weight polyisobutylene is 0 to 80% by weight, preferably 10 to 60% by weight based on the total amount of the polyisobutylenes.

The average molecular weight herein means the viscosity average molecular weight calculated by Flory's viscosity equation. The average molecular weight is determined by calculating Staudinger index (J₀) from the flow time at 20° C. of the capillary 1 of an Ubbelohde viscometer by Schulz-Blaschke equation and calculating the viscosity average molecular weight using the J₀ value according to the formula below.

J ₀=η_(sp) /c(1+0. 3 1 η_(ap)) (Schulz-Blaschke equation)

η_(ap) =t/t ₀−1

-   t: Flow time of solution (according to Hagenbach-couette correction     formula) -   t₀: Flow time of solvent (according to Hagenbach-couette correction     formula) -   c: Concentration of solution (g/cM³) -   J₀=3. 06×10⁻² Mv ^(0.66) -   Mv: Viscoity average molecular weight

In order to provide suitable tackiness, the rubber adhesive may contain a tackifier, such as rosin resin, polyterpene resin, coumarone-indene resin, petroleum resin, terpene-phenol resin, xylene resin, or alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin. The rubber adhesive can contain one or thio or more of these tackifiers in an amount of 50% by weight or less, preferably 5 to 40% bx, weight based on the total weight of the rubber adhesive.

Examples of the silicone adhesives include polyorganosiloxane adhesives, polydimethylsiloxane adhesives, and polydimethyldiphenyl-siloxane adhesives. In particular, commercially available silicone adhesives, such as BIO PSA from Dow Corning Corporation, are preferred.

The support for supporting the adhesive layer is not limited. Preferably, the support is one substantially impermeable to the antigen and the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction, that is, one that prevents reduction in the amounts of the antigen, the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction, additives, and the like in the adhesive layer by not allowing them to pass through the support and escape from the back side.

The support may be, for example, a single film containing polyester, polyamide, polyvinylidene chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene, ionomer resin, or metallic foil or may he a laminated film containing such films. In particular, for good adhesiveness (anchoring properties) between the support and the adhesive layer, the support is preferably a laminated film including a non-porous plastic film and a porous film each containing any of the above materials. In this case, the adhesive layer is preferably formed on the porous film-side. The porous film to be used is one that improves the anchoring properties between the adhesive layer and the porous film. Specific examples thereof include paper, woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and mechanically perforated sheets. Preferred among these are paper, woven fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics from the viewpoint of the handleability. The porous film to be used is one that has a thickness within the range of 1 to 200 μm from the viewpoint of improving the anchoring properties and the flexibility and attachment operability of the tape. When the porous film is a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric, the weight per unit area thereof is preferably 5 to 30 g/m², more preferably 6 to 15 g/m².

Examples of the most suitable supports include a laminated film including a polyester film (preferably, polyethylene terephthalate film) with a thickness of 1.5 to 6 μm and a polyester (preferably, polyethylene terephthalate) nonwoven fabric with a weight per unit area of 6 to 15 g/m².

The tape according to the present invention preferably has a release liner on the adhesive side so as to protect the adhesive side until the time of use. Any release liner can be used as long as it is release-treated and can be peeled with sufficiently light force. For example, the release liner nay be a film formed of polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, or polyethylene terephthalate, paper such as woodfree paper or glassine, or a laminated film including woodfree paper or glassine and a polyolefin, which are release-treated by applying silicone resin, fluororesin, or the like to the side to be in contact with the adhesive layer. The release liner has a thickness of preferably 10 to 200 μm, more preferably 25 to 100 μm. From the viewpoint of barrier properties and the price, the release liner is preferably formed of a polyester (in particular, polyethylene terephthalate) resin.

In this case, from the viewpoint of the handleability, the thickness of the release liner is preferably about 25 to 100 μm.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may further include additive(s), if necessary. The additives can be selected from isotonizing agents, antiseptics, antioxidants, resolvents, solubilizing agents, suspending agents, fillers, pH adjusters, stabilizers, absorption promoters, release-rate controlling agents, colorants, plasticizers, crosslinking agents, adhesives, and the like or combinations of two or more thereof, depending or, for example, the main components of the base, the compatibility with the antigen and composition for promoting humoral immunity induction, or intended administration regimen.

When the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is in the form of a tape, the tape may contain a skin permeation enhancer as an additive.

As used herein, the term “skin permeation enhancer” means a substance that can improve the efficiency at which a transdermally administered antigen permeates the skin, as compared to the efficiency obtained without the substance. Any skin permeation enhancer can be used as long as it is liquid, that is, fluidic, at room temperature (25° C.) and has an absorption promoting effect. When a mixture of two or more substances is used, the resulting mixture is liquid at room temperature (25° C.). Such an organic liquid component is preferably a hydrophobic liquid component from the viewpoint of the compatibility with the adhesive layer.

Examples of the skin permeation enhancer include higher alcohols such as oleyl alcohol and octyl dodecanol; polyalcohols such as glycerin, ethyleneglycol, and polypropylene glycol; higher fatty acids such as oleic acid and caplyric acid; fatty acid esters such as isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, and ethyl oleate; polybasic acid esters such as diethyl sebacate and diisopropyl adipate; polyalcohol fatty acid esters such as diglyceryl triisostearate, sorbitan monooleate, propylene glycol dicaprylate, polyethylene glycol monolaurate, and polyoxyethyelene sorbitol tetraoleate; polyoxyethylene alkyl ether such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether; hydrocarbons such as squalane and liquid paraffin; vegetable oils such as olive oil and castor oil; silicone oil; pyrrolidones such as N-methylpyrrolidone and N-dodecylpyrrolidone; and sulfoxides such as decylmethylsulfoxide. These can be used alone or in on combination of two or more thereof.

When the rubber or acrylic adhesive is used, a second skin permeation enhancer can be used. Specific examples of the second skin permeation enhancer include, but not limited to, polyvinylpyrrolidone, crospovidone, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyvinyl polymers, hydroxypropylcellulose, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the second skin permeation enhancer in the present invention contains polyvinylpyrrolidone, crospovidone and/or polypropylene glycol.

In order to enhance skin permeation of the antigen, the skin permeation enhancer is preferably, for example, a higher alcohol, more specifically, a higher alcohol containing 8 to 18 (preferably 8 to 14) carbon atoms; a fatty acid ester, more specifically a fatty acid ester of a fatty acid containing 8 to 18 (preferably 12 to 16) carbon atoms with a monohydric alcohol having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; or a polyalcohol fatty acid ester. The skin permeation enhancer is particularly preferably a fatty acid ester. In particular, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, and diethyl sebacate are preferred. The amount of the skin permeation enhancer is preferably 0.1% by weight to 70% by weight, more preferably 1% by weight to 65% by weight, still more preferably 5% by weight to 60% by weight based on the total weight of the adhesive layer. The amount of the skin permeation enhancer of 0.1% by weight or more can provide a high promoting effect for transdermal absorption. The amount of the skin permeation enhancer of 70% by weight or less is advantageous in that high transdermal absorption can be achieved while reduction in the adhesion and cohesion of the entire adhesive layer are suppressed.

<Composition for Promoting Humoral Immunity Induction for Transdermal Administration>

The composition for promoting humoral immunity induction for transdermal administration according to the present invention allows, in administration of various Th2 reaction promoters to the subject, more effective exertion of humoral immunity induced by various antigens administered together with or separately from the TH2 reaction promoters.

As used herein, the term “for transdermal administration” in the composition for promoting humoral immunity induction for transdermal administration may refer to any formulation usually used for transdermal administration. Examples thereof include solutions for external use such as liniments and lotions, sprays for external use such as aerosols, ointments, plasters, creams, gels, and patches such as tapes or poultices. The categories, definition, characteristics, production processes, and the like of these compositions are well known in the art. See the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition, for example.

For the above formulations, the same materials as those used for preparing the vaccine pharmaceutical composition for transdermal administration can be used.

As used herein, the “pharmacologically acceptable salt” that can be contained in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention means a salt that does not adversely affect the subject and does not eliminate the pharmacological activity of the components in the pharmaceutical composition. Examples of such a salt include, but not limited to, inorganic acid salts (e.g., hydrochlorides phosphates), organic acid salts (e.g., acetates, phthalates, TFA salts, mesylates, tartrates), metal salts (alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salts, potassium salts), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salts, magnesium salts), aluminum salts), amine salts (triethylamine salts, benzylamine salt, diethanolamine salts, t-butylamine salts, dicyclohexylamine salts, arginine salts, dimethylammonium salts, ammonium salts).

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The composition for promoting humoral immunity induction and vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention enable effective induction of humoral immunity by promoting Th2 reaction, the central process for antibody production. Furthermore, since the Th2 reaction promoters according to the present invention include many commercial drugs available at pharmacies and widely perceived to be highly safe, the compositions are considered to cause less adverse effects.

The vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can not only be subcutaneously, intradermally, and intramuscularly injected, but also dermally and mucosally administrated. The composition thus leads to excellent compliance and offers, for example, the following advantages: The composition can be non-invasively administered (e.g., dermally or transmucosally administered), or minimally invasively administered to the skin surface (e.g., to the surface of the skin after a corneum removal treatment such as tape stripping or after a corneum perforation treatment such as a microneedle treatment or electroporation), allowing painless administration and freeing patients from fear for injections. As the composition is easy to administer, patients can administer it by themselves, which reduces the risk of infections of health care workers via needle stick injury, and also reduces the frequency of hospital visits when repetitive administrations are required, contributing to improved quality of life of patients. Moreover, medical wastes requiring specific waste treatment, such as injection needles, are not generated. The composition in a patch form such as a poultice or a tape is advantageous in that it allows secure administration of a predetermined dose and control of the drug releasing rate at any rate, and that it does not stick to unintended sites when administered. The composition in a patch form is advantageous also in that since a patch can easily be removed, patients can immediately stop the administration by themselves by removing the patch from the application site if any adverse effect occurs. The vaccine pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also advantageous in that it has a significantly improved efficacy compared with an antigen administered alone.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an antigen (OVA)-specific IgG antibody titer in mouse serum after transnasal administration of Th2 reaction promoter (PDE inhibitor and GPCR agonist)-containing pharmaceutical compositions.

FIG. 2 shows an antigen (OVA)-specific IgG antibody titer in mouse serum after transnasal administration of Th2 reaction promoter (GPCR antagonist)-containing pharmaceutical compositions.

FIG. 3 shows an antigen (OVA)-specific IgG antibody titer in mouse serum after subcutaneous administration of Th2 reaction promoter (PDE inhibitor and GPCR agonist)-containing pharmaceutical compositions.

FIG. 4 shows an antigen (OVA)-specific IgG antibody titer in mouse serum after subcutaneous administration of Th2 reaction promoter (GPCR antagonist)-containing pharmaceutical compositions.

FIG. 5 shows an antigen (OVA)-specific IgG antibody titer in mouse serum after transdermal administration of Th2 reaction promoter (PDE inhibitor, GPCR agonist, and GPCR antagonist)-containing pharmaceutical compositions.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples below. The present invention, however, is not limited to these examples.

EXAMPLES 1 to 30, COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1 to 8 (Preparation of Solution for Transmucosal Administration)

A solution for transmucosal administration was prepared according to the formulation shown in Tables 2 and 3. Specifically, an antigen and a Th2 reaction promoter were blended in the amounts specified in Tables 2 and 3, and 10 uL of saline was added thereto, followed by mixing to provide a vaccine composition.

Substances used are listed below. Examples: resveratrol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), vinpocetine (Yodogawa Seiyaku K. K.), pimobendan (LKT Laboratories), BRL50481 (Tocoris Bioscience), dipyridamole (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), methoxyphenamine hydrochloride (MP Biomedicals), fenoldopam mesylate (LKT Laboratories), cisapride (Sigma-Aldrich), desmopressin (Sigma-Aldrich), prazosin hydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), pirenzepine hydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), oxybutynin hydrochloride (LKT Laboratories), tolterodine tartrate (HELM JAPAN), fluphenazine (Sigma-Aldrich), droperidol (Sigma-Aldrich), sulpiride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), azelastine hydrochloride (AdooQ BioScience), levocetirizine (Sigma-Aldrich), mequitazine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), thioperamide (Sigma-Aldrich), sarpogrelate hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), clopidogrel (M/s LEE Pharma), ticlopidine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), prasugrel (Sigma-Aldrich), apafant (Sigma-Aldrich), naloxone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), zafirlukast (Sigma-Aldrich), montelukast (LG Life Sciences), pranlukast (Cayman Chemical), candesartan (AdooQ BioScience) Comparative Examples: propranolol hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), butaclamol hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), piboserod hydrochloride (Axon Medchem), tolvaptan (Sigma-Aldrich), metaraminol (Sigma-Aldrich), cevimeline (Sigma-Aldrich), cabergoline (Toronto Research Chemicals) Model antigen: ovalbumin (OVA)

(Mouse Immunity Test of Solution Transmucosal Administration)

A mouse immunity test using an animal model for immunity evaluation was performed with the solution prepared as described above. A Mouse (BALB/c mouse, female, 7 weeks old) was provided in advance. After the mouse was anesthetized, the solution was administered to the mouse by transnasal administration (10 uL) or sublingual administration (30 uL). One week after the administration, the mouse was anesthetized again, and the solution was administered again in the same manner.

One week after the second administration, the mouse serum and nasal wash were taken, and the OVA-specific IgG antibody titer in the serum was determined by ELISA.

Elisa

The systemic immune response was evaluated by determining the OVA-specific IgG antibody titer in the mouse serum.

<Method for Determining Antigen-Specific IgG Antibody Titer in Mouse Serum (ELISA)>

To each well of a 96-well plate for ELISA was added 100 uL of an OVA-containing solution (100 ug/mL) diluted with carbonate buffer, followed by standing overnight.

The wells were washed three times with preliminarily prepared wash (Tween 20-containing PBS), and to each well was added 200 uL of a blocking solution prepared by diluting a blocking agent (Block Ace, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd.) in purified water to 4 g/100 mL. This was followed by standing for 2 hours at room temperature. The wells were then washed three times with wash.

The serum taken from the mouse was centrifuged at 4° C. and 3000 g for 10 minutes, and the supernatant was recovered. The supernatant or nasal wash was diluted in two-fold increments using a solution prepared by diluting a blocking agent in a phosphate buffer (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) to 0.4 g/100 mL. The diluted solution was added to wells (50 μL for each well), followed by standing for 2 hours at room temperature.

The wells were then washed three times with wash. An HRP-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody (Goat-anti mouse IgG Fc HRP, BETHYL) was diluted 10000-fold using a solution prepared by diluting a blocking agent in a phosphate buffer (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) to 0.4 g/100 mL. To each well was added 100 uL of the resulting solution, followed by standing for 1 hour at room temperature.

The wells were then washed three times with wash, and 100 uL of a TMB solution (ELISA POD TMB kit, Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) was added to each well, followed by standing for 30 minutes at dark place.

Thereafter, 100 uL of a 1M sulfuric acid solution was added to each well, and the 96-well plate was subjected to measurement of absorbance at 450 nm with a microplate reader (Spectra Max M2°, molecular device). The IgG antibody titer in the mouse serum was determined as Log2 titer based on the absorbance at the incremental dilution. The results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

TABLE 2 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter IgG anti- Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological body titer No. route form Name [ug] Name [ug] effect [Log2 titer] Comp. Transnasal Solution OVA 1 — — — 5.4 Ex. 1 Comp. Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Propranolol 20 β1-3 5.1 Ex. 2 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Butaclamol 20 D1 5.3 Ex. 3 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Piboserod 20 5-HT4 5.4 Ex. 4 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Tolvaptan 40 V2 5.5 Ex. 5 antagonization Ex. 1 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Resveratrol 40 PDE 10.8 inhibition Ex. 2 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10.1 inhibition Ex. 3 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Pimobendan 20 PDE 10.8 inhibition Ex. 4 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 BRL50481 20 PDE 9.4 inhibition Ex. 5 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Dipyridamole 40 PDE 12.1 inhibition Ex. 6 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 11.6 hydrochloride activation Ex. 7 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Fenoldopam 20 D1 11.8 mesylate activation Ex. 8 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Cisapride 20 5-HT4 9.9 activation Ex. 9 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Desmopressin 20 V2 11.3 activation

TABLE 3 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter IgG anti- Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological body titer No. route form Name [ug] Name [ug] effect [Log2 titer] Comp. Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Metaraminol 20 α1,2 4.6 Ex. 6 activation Comp. Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Cevimeline 20 M1,3 4.6 Ex. 7 activation Comp. Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Cabergoline 20 D2 5.0 Ex. 8 activation Ex. 10 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Prazosin 80 α1,2 11.3 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 11 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Pirenzepine 20 M1 10.8 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 12 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Oxybutynin 40 M2 12.6 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 13 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Tolterodine 80 M3 11.9 tartrate antagonization Ex. 14 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Fluphenazine 10 D2 12.6 Ex. 15 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Droperidol 20 antagonization 10.5 Ex. 16 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Sulpiride 20 11.3 Ex. 17 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Azelastine 40 H1 11.3 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 18 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Levocetirizine 20 12.3 Ex. 19 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Mequitazine 20 10.0 Ex. 20 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Thioperamide 20 H3 10.5 antagonization Ex. 21 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10.0 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 22 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 13.4 Ex. 23 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Ticlopidine 40 antagonization 11.6 Ex. 24 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Prasugrel 20 11.6 Ex. 25 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Apafant 20 PAF 11.0 antagonization Ex. 26 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10.0 antagonization Ex. 27 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10.1 Ex. 28 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Montelukast 20 antagonization 10.4 Ex. 29 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Pranlukast 20 11.6 Ex. 30 Transnasal Solution OVA 1 Candesartan 20 AT1 9.3 antagonization

EXAMPLES 31 to COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 9 to 16 (Preparation of Injection for Subcutaneous Administration)

An injection for subcutaneous administration was prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 4 and 5 below. Specifically, an antigen and a Th2 reaction promoter were blended in the amounts shown in Tables 4 and 5, and 100 uL of saline was added thereto, followed by mixing to provide a vaccine composition.

Substances used are listed below. Example: resveratrol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), EHNA (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), cilostazol (LKT Laboratories), pimobendan (LKT Laboratories), BRL50481 (Tocris Bioscience), dipyridamole (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), methoxyphenamine hydrochloride (MP Biomedicals), fenoldopam mesylate (LKT Laboratories), cisapride (Sigma-Aldrich), desmopressin (Sigma-Aldrich), prazosin hydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), pirenzepine hydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), tolterodine tartrate (HELM JAPAN), scopolamine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), perphenazine (Sigma-Aldrich), droperidol (Sigma-Aldrich), sulpiride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), azelastine hydrochloride (AdooQ BioScience), thioperamide (Sigma-Aldrich), sarpogrelate hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), clopidogrel (M/s LEE Pharma), ticlopidine (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), prasugrel (Sigma-Aldrich), apafant (Sigma-Aldrich), naloxone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), montelukast (LG Life Sciences), candesartan (AdooQ BioScience) Comparative Example: propranolol hydrochloride(Sigma-Aldrich), butaclamol hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), piboserod hydrochloride (Axon Medchem), tolvaptan (Sigma-Aldrich), metaraminol (Sigma-Aldrich), cevimeline (Sigma-Aldrich), cabergoline (Toronto Research Chemicals) Model antigen: ovalbumin (OVA)

(Mouse Immunity Test of Injection for Subcutaneous Administration)

A mouse immunity test using an animal model for immunity evaluation was performed with the solution prepared as described above. A mouse (BALB/c mouse, female, 7 weeks old) was provided in advance, and 200 uL of the injection was subcutaneously injected to the back of the mouse. One week after the administration, the injection was administered again in the same manner.

One week after the second administration, the mouse serum was taken, and the OVA-specific IgG antibody titer in the serum was determined by ELISA. The results are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

TABLE 4 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter IgG anti- Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological body titer No. route form Name [ug] Name [ug] effect [Log2 titer] Comp. Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 — — — 6.5 Ex. 9 Comp. Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Propranolol 200 β1-3 5.5 Ex. 10 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Butaclamol 200 D1 5.8 Ex. 11 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Piboserod 200 5-HT4 5.9 Ex. 12 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Tolvaptan 200 V2 5.4 Ex. 13 antagonization Ex. 31 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Resveratrol 200 PDE 12.4 inhibition Ex. 32 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 EHNA 200 PDE 11.3 inhibition Ex. 33 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Cilostazol 200 PDE 10.6 inhibition Ex. 34 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Pimobendan 200 PDE 10.0 inhibition Ex. 35 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 BRL50481 200 PDE 11.0 inhibition Ex. 36 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Dipyridamole 200 PDE 12.5 inhibition Ex. 37 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Methoxyphenamine 200 β2 9.6 hydrochloride activation Ex. 38 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Fenoldopam 200 D1 10.3 mesylate activation Ex. 39 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Cisapride 200 5-HT4 10.8 activation Ex. 40 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 0.05 Desmopressin 200 V2 9.9 activation

TABLE 5 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter IgG anti- Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological body titer No. route form Name [ug] Name [ug] effect [Log2 titer] Comp. Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Metaraminol 200 α1,2 5.1 Ex. 14 activation Comp. Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Cevimeline 200 M1,3 5.5 Ex. 15 activation Comp. Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Cabergoline 200 D2 5.6 Ex. 16 activation Ex. 41 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Prazosin 200 α1,2 13.9 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 42 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Pirenzepine 200 M1 10.8 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 43 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Tolterodine 200 M3 11.6 tartrate antagonization Ex. 44 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Scopolamine 200 M1-5 10.6 antagonization Ex. 45 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Perphenazine 200 D2 block 10.9 Ex. 46 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Droperidol 200 10.9 Ex. 47 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Sulpiride 200 10.0 Ex. 48 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Azelastine 200 H1 10.3 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 49 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Clopidogrel 200 P2Y12 9.8 Ex. 50 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Ticlopidine 200 antagonization 10.5 Ex. 51 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Prasugrel 200 10.8 Ex. 52 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Apafant 200 PAF 10.8 antagonizstion Ex. 53 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Naloxone 200 μ, κ, σ 9.5 antagonization Ex. 54 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Montelukast 200 CysLT1 10.1 antagonization Ex. 55 Subcutaneous Solution OVA 1 Candesartan 200 AT1 11.5 antagonization

EXAMPLES 56 to 69, COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 17 to 23 (Preparation of Cream for Transdermal Administration)

A cream for transdermal administration was prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 6 below. Specifically, an antigen and a Th2 reaction promoter were blended in the amounts shown in Table 6. To the mixture was added a base (base cream) to achieve a total amount of 100 parts by weight, followed by mixing to provide a cream. The base cream was prepared by blending and mixing the materials according to the formulation shown in Table 48.

A composite base was prepared by bonding a PET film/PET nonwoven fabric laminate (area: 0.7 cm²) to the center portion of an adhesive tape for attachment such that the PET film side faced the adhesive side of the tape. The cream in an amount of 4 mg was applied to the nonwoven fabric portion of the composite base to provide a sample for an immunity test.

Substances used are listed below.

-   Example: resveratrol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.),     dipyridamole (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), methoxyphenamine     hydrochloride (MP Biomedicals), fenoldopam mesylate (LKT     Laboratories), cisapride (Sigma-Aldrich), prazosin hydrochloride     (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), oxybutynin hydrochloride (LKT     Laboratories), tolterodine tartrate (HELM JAPAN), perphenazine     (Sigma-Aldrich), azelastine hydrochloride (AdooQ BioScience),     clopidogrel (M/s LEE Pharma), apafant (Sigma-Aldrich), montelukast     (LG Life Sciences), candesartan (AdooQ BioScience) Comparative     Example: propranolol hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), butaclamol     hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), piboserod hydrochloride (Axon     Medchem), metaraminol (Sigma-Aldrich), cevimeline (Sigma-Aldrich)     cabergoline (Toronto Research Chemicals) -   Model antigen: ovalbumin (OVA)

(Mouse Immunity Test of Cream for Transdermal Administration)

A mouse immunity test using an animal model for immunity evaluation was performed with the cream prepared as described above. The right back of a mouse (C57BL6 NCr mice, female, 7 weeks old) was shaved in advance. After a rearing period for recovery from the skin damage caused by the shaving, 4 mg of the cream was administered to the skin of the right back of the mouse, and the left back was shaved at the same time. Twenty-four hours later, the formulation was removed. One week after the administration, the cream was administered to the skin of the left back of the mouse, and removed 24 hours later.

One week after the second administration, the mouse serum was taken and the OVA-specific IgG antibody titer in the serum was determined by ELISA. The results are shown in FIG. 5.

White Vaseline, sorbitan monostearate, isostearic acid, benzyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, polysorbate 60, and concentrated glycerin were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Cetanol was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

TABLE 6 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Amount Amount IgG anti- Administration Dosage [Parts [Parts Pharmacological body titer No. route form Name by weight] Name by weight] effect [Log2 titer] Comp. Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 — — — 5.3 Ex. 17 Comp. Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Propranolol 5.0 β1-3 5.0 Ex. 18 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Butaclamol 5.0 D1 5.0 Ex. 19 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Piboserod 5.0 5-HT4 5.3 Ex. 20 hydrochloride antagonization Comp. Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Metaraminol 5.0 α1,2 5.1 Ex. 21 activation Comp. Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Cevimeline 5.0 M1,3 5.0 Ex. 22 activation Comp. Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Cabergoline 5.0 D2 5.0 Ex. 23 activation Ex. 56 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Resveratrol 5.0 PDE 10.1 inhibition Ex. 57 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Dipyridamole 5.0 PDE 9.9 inhibition Ex. 58 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Methoxyphenamine 5.0 β2 9.6 hydrochloride activation Ex. 59 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Fenoldopam 5.0 D1 10.0 mesylate activation Ex. 60 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Cisapride 5.0 5-HT4 9.1 activation Ex. 61 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Prazosin 5.0 α1,2 10.9 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 62 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Oxybutynin 5.0 M2 10.5 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 63 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Tolterodine 5.0 M3 10.9 tartrate antagonization Ex. 64 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Perphenazine 5.0 D2 block 8.9 Ex. 65 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Azelastine 5.0 H1 9.1 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 66 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Clopidogrel 5.0 P2Y12 10.3 antagonization Ex. 67 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Apafant 5.0 PAF 10.1 antagonization Ex. 68 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Montelukast 5.0 CysLT1 10.9 antagonization Ex. 69 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Candesartan 5.0 AT1 8.4 antagonization

EXAMPLES 70 to 83, COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 24 (Preparation of Cream for Transdermal (Minimally Invasive) Administration)

A cream for transdermal administration according to the formulation shown in Table 7 below was prepared in the same manner as the cream for transdermal administration shown in Table 6. The right back of a mouse (C57BL6 NCr mouse, female, 7 weeks old) was shaved, and after the skin was subjected to a corneum removing treatment five times with an OPP tape (EZ Dunplon No. 3301EZ, Nitto Denko Corporation), the cream was administered to the skin (minimally invasive administration), and the left back was shaved at the same time. Twenty-four hours later, the cream for transdermal administration on the right back was removed. One week after the administration, the skin of the left back of the mouse was subjected to a corneum removing treatment in the same manner as above, and the cream for transdermal administration was administered thereto. The cream was removed 24 hours later. One week after the second administration, the mouse serum was taken, and the antigen (OVA)-specific IgG antibody in the serum was determined by ELISA. Also in this immunization using the minimally invasive administration, humoral immunity specific to the administered antigen can be induced.

Substances used are listed below. Example: resveratrol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), dipyridamole (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), methoxyphenamine hydrochloride (MP Biomedicals), fenoldopam mesylate (LKT Laboratories), cisapride (Sigma-Aldrich), prazosin hydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical industries, Ltd.), oxybutynin hydrochloride (LKT Laboratories), tolterodine tartrate (HELM JAPAN), perphenazine (Sigma-Aldrich), azelastine hydrochloride (AdooQ BioScience), clopidogrel (M/s LEE Pharma), apafant (Sigma-Aldrich), montelukast (LG Life Sciences), candesartan (AdooQ BioScience) Model antigen: ovalbumin (OVA)

TABLE 7 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Amount Amount Administration Dosage [Parts by [Parts by Pharmacological No. route form Name weight] Name weight] effect Comp. Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 — — Ex. 24 (minimally invasive) Ex. 70 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Resveratrol 5.0 PDE (minimally invasive) inhibition Ex. 71 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Dipyridamole 5.0 PDE (minimally invasive) inhibition Ex. 72 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Methoxyphenamine 5.0 β2 (minimally invasive) hydrochloride activation Ex. 73 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Fenoldopam 5.0 D1 (minimally invasive) mesylate activation Ex. 74 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Cisapride 5.0 5-HT4 (minimally invasive) activation Ex. 75 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Prazosin 5.0 α1,2 (minimally invasive) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 76 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Oxybutynin 5.0 M2 (minimally invasive) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 77 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Tolterodine 5.0 M3 (minimally invasive) tartrate antagonization Ex. 78 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Perphenazine 5.0 D2 block (minimally invasive) Ex. 79 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Azelastine 5.0 H1 (minimally invasive) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 80 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Clopidogrel 5.0 P2Y12 (minimally invasive) antagonization Ex. 81 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Apafant 5.0 PAF (minimally invasive) antagonization Ex. 82 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Montelukast 5.0 CysLT (minimally invasive) antagonization Ex. 83 Transdermal Cream OVA 5.0 Candesartan 5.0 AT1 (minimally invasive) antagonization

EXAMPLE 84 to 1283, COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 25 to 64 (Preparation of Solution for Transmucosal Administration)

A solution for transmucosal administration (transnasal administration or sublingual administration) was prepared according to the formulation shown in Tables 8 to 47 below. Specifically, an antigen and Th2 reaction promoter were blended in the amounts shown in Tables 8 to 47. For transnasal administration, saline was added so that the amount of the resulting mixture was 10 μL. For sublingual administration, saline was added so that the amount of the resulting mixture was 30 μL. This was followed by mixing to provide a solution for transmucosal administration (transnasal administration or sublingual administration).

Model Antigens in Tables 8 to 47

As influenza vaccine antigens, an influenza vaccine antigen-containing solution H1N1 (A/California/07/2009, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University), H3N2 (A/Victoria361/2011, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University), Influenza B virus (B/Wisconsin/1/2010, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University), Influenza B virus (B/Brisbane/60/2008, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University) were used. Also used were a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide-containing solution (Pneumovax NP, MSD), HPV16 recombinant protein-containing solution (HPV16, PROSPEC), a live attenuated rotavirus-containing solution (RotaTeq Oral Solution, MSD), an inactivated poliovirus-containing solution (IMOVAX POLIO for subcutaneous injection, Sanofi), an inactivated hepatitis A virus-containing solution (Aimmugen, The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute), an inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus-containing solution (Encevac for subcutaneous injection. The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute), a live attenuated mumps virus-containing solution (live mumps vaccine, Kitasato Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine Co., Ltd), a live attenuated measles virus-containing solution (live measles vaccine, Kitasato Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine Co., Ltd), a live attenuated rubella virus-containing solution (dried live attenuated rubella vaccine, Kitasato Daiichi Sankyo Vaccine Co., Ltd), a solution containing tetanus toxoid-conjugated haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (ActHIB, Sanofi), a recombinant HBs antigen protein-containing solution (Bimmugen, The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute), a live attenuated yellow fever virus-containing solution (yellow fever vaccine, Sanofi), a tetanus toxoid-containing solution (tetanus toxoid, Denka Seiken Co., Ltd.), a live attenuated varicella virus-containing solution (dried live attenuated varicella vaccine. The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University), a live BCG-containing solution (dried BCG vaccine, Japan BCG Laboratory), and an inactivated rabies virus-containing solution (tissue-cultured inactivated rabies vaccine. The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute).

Substances shown in Tables 8 to 47 are listed below. Example: resveratrol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), vinpocetine (Yodogawa Seiyaku K. K.), pimobendan (LKT Laboratories), BRL50481 (Tocris Bioscience), dipyridamole (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), methoxyphenamine hydrochloride (MP Biomedicals), fenoldopam mesylate (LKT Laboratories), cisapride (Sigma-Aldrich), desmopressin (Sigma-Aldrich), prazosin hydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), pirenzepine hydrochloride (Wako Pure Chemical industries, Ltd.), oxybutynin hydrochloride (LKT Laboratories), tolterodine tartrate (HELM JAPAN), fluphenazine (Sigma-Aldrich), droperidol (Sigma-Aldrich), sulpiride (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), azelastine hydrochloride (AdooQ BioScience), levocetirizine (Sigma-Aldrich), mequitazine (Wako Pure Chemical industries, Ltd.), thioperamide (Sigma-Aldrich), sarpogrelate hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich), clopidogrel (M/s LEE Pharma), ticlopidine (Wako Pure Chemical. Industries, Ltd.), prasugrel (Sigma-Aldrich), apafant (Sigma-Aldrich), naloxone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), zafirlukast (Sigma-Aldrich), montelukast (LG Life Sciences), pranlukast (Cayman Chemical), candesartan (AdooQ BioScience)

A mouse immunity test using an animal model for immunity evaluation was performed with the solution prepared as described above. A mouse was provided in advance. After the mouse was anesthetized, the solution was administered to the mouse by transnasal administration (10 uL) or sublingual administration (30 uL). One week after the administration, the mouse was anesthetized again, and the solution was administered again in the same manner. One week after the second administration, the mouse serum and nasal wash were taken, and the OVA-specific IgG antibody titer in the serum was determined by ELISA. In the immunization by transmucosal administration (transnasal administration and sublingual administration), humoral immunity specific to the administered antigen can be induced.

TABLE 8 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 — — 10 Ex. 25 [H1N1] Ex. 84 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 85 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 86 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 87 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 BRL50481 20 PDE 10 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 88 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 89 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 [H1N1] hydrochloride activation Ex. 90 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 [H1N1] mesylate activation Ex. 91 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 [H1N1] activation Ex. 92 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Desmopressin 20 V2 10 [H1N1] activation Ex. 93 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 [H1N1] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 94 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 [H1N1] hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 95 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 [H1N1] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 96 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Tolterodine 80 M3 10 [H1N1] tartrate antagonization Ex. 97 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 98 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Droperidol 20 10 [H1N1] Ex. 99 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Sulpiride 20 10 [H1N1] Ex. 100 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Azelastine 40 H1 10 [H1N1] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 101 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Levocetirizine 20 10 [H1N1] Ex. 102 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Mequitazine 20 10 [H1N1] Ex. 103 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Thioperamide 20 H3 10 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 104 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 [H1N1] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 105 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 106 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Tiolopidine 40 10 [H1N1] Ex. 107 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Prasugrel 20 10 [H1N1] Ex. 108 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Apafant 20 PAF 10 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 109 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 110 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 111 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Montelukast 20 10 [H1N1] Ex. 112 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Pranlukast 20 10 [H1N1] Ex. 113 Transnasal Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Candesartan 20 AT1 10 [H1N1] antagonization

TABLE 9 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 — — 30 Ex. 26 [H1N1] Ex. 114 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 115 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 116 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 117 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 BRL50481 100 PDE 30 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 118 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 [H1N1] inhibition Ex. 119 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 [H1N1] hydrochloride activation Ex. 120 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 [H1N1] mesylate activation Ex. 121 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 [H1N1] activation Ex. 122 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Desmopressin 100 V2 30 [H1N1] activation Ex. 123 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 [H1N1] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 124 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 [H1N1] hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 125 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 [H1N1] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 126 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Tolterodine 400 M3 30 [H1N1] tartrate antagonization Ex. 127 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 128 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Droperidol 100 30 [H1N1] Ex. 129 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Sulpiride 100 30 [H1N1] Ex. 130 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Azelastine 200 H1 30 [H1N1] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 131 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Levocetirizine 100 30 [H1N1] Ex. 132 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Mequitazine 100 30 [H1N1] Ex. 133 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Thioperamide 100 H3 30 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 134 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 [H1N1] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 135 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 136 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Tiolopidine 200 30 [H1N1] Ex. 137 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Prasugrel 100 30 [H1N1] Ex. 138 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Apafant 100 PAF 30 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 139 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 140 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 [H1N1] antagonization Ex. 141 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Montelukast 100 30 [H1N1] Ex. 142 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Pranlukast 100 30 [H1N1] Ex. 143 Sublingual Solution A/California/07/2009 1.0 Candesartan 100 AT1 30 [H1N1] antagonization

TABLE 10 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 — — 10 Ex. 27 [H3N2] Ex. 144 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 145 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 146 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 147 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 BRL50481 20 PDE 10 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 148 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 149 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 [H3N2] hydrochloride activation Ex. 150 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 [H3N2] mesylate activation Ex. 151 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 [H3N2] activation Ex. 152 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Desmopressin 20 V2 10 [H3N2] activation Ex. 153 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 [H3N2] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 154 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 [H3N2] hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 155 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 [H3N2] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 156 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Tolterodine 80 M3 10 [H3N2] tartrate antagonization Ex. 157 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 158 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Droperidol 20 10 [H3N2] Ex. 159 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Sulpiride 20 10 [H3N2] Ex. 160 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Azelastine 40 H1 10 [H3N2] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 161 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Levocetirizine 20 10 [H3N2] Ex. 162 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Mequitazine 20 10 [H3N2] Ex. 163 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Thioperamide 20 H3 10 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 164 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 [H3N2] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 165 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 166 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Tiolopidine 40 10 [H3N2] Ex. 167 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Prasugrel 20 10 [H3N2] Ex. 168 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Apafant 20 PAF 10 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 169 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 170 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 171 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Montelukast 20 10 [H3N2] Ex. 172 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Pranlukast 20 10 [H3N2] Ex. 173 Transnasal Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Candesartan 20 AT1 10 [H3N2] antagonization

TABLE 11 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 — — 30 Ex. 28 [H3N2] Ex. 174 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 175 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 176 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 177 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 BRL50481 100 PDE 30 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 178 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 [H3N2] inhibition Ex. 179 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 [H3N2] hydrochloride activation Ex. 180 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 [H3N2] mesylate activation Ex. 181 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 [H3N2] activation Ex. 182 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Desmopressin 100 V2 30 [H3N2] activation Ex. 183 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 [H3N2] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 184 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 [H3N2] hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 185 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 [H3N2] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 186 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Tolterodine 400 M3 30 [H3N2] tartrate antagonization Ex. 187 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 188 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Droperidol 100 30 [H3N2] Ex. 189 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Sulpiride 100 30 [H3N2] Ex. 190 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Azelastine 200 H1 30 [H3N2] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 191 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Levocetirizine 100 30 [H3N2] Ex. 192 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Mequitazine 100 30 [H3N2] Ex. 193 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Thioperamide 100 H3 30 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 194 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 [H3N2] hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 195 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 196 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Tiolopidine 200 30 [H3N2] Ex. 197 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Prasugrel 100 30 [H3N2] Ex. 198 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Apafant 100 PAF 30 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 199 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 200 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 [H3N2] antagonization Ex. 201 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Montelukast 100 30 [H3N2] Ex. 202 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Pranlukast 100 30 [H3N2] Ex. 203 Sublingual Solution A/Victoria361/2011 1.0 Candesartan 100 AT1 30 [H3N2] antagonization

TABLE 12 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 — — 10 Ex. 29 Ex. 204 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 205 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 206 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 207 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 BRL50481 20 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 208 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 209 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 hydrochloride activation Ex. 210 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 mesylate activation Ex. 211 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 activation Ex. 212 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Desmopressin 20 V2 10 activation Ex. 213 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 214 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 215 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 216 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Tolterodine 80 M3 10 tartrate antagonization Ex. 217 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 Ex. 218 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Droperidol 20 antagonization 10 Ex. 219 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Sulpiride 20 10 Ex. 220 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Azelastine 40 H1 10 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 221 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Levocetirizine 20 10 Ex. 222 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Mequitazine 20 10 Ex. 223 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Thioperamide 20 H3 10 antagonization Ex. 224 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 225 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 Ex. 226 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Tiolopidine 40 antagonization 10 Ex. 227 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Prasugrel 20 10 Ex. 228 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Apafant 20 PAF 10 antagonization Ex. 229 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 antagonization Ex. 230 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 Ex. 231 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Montelukast 20 antagonization 10 Ex. 232 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Pranlukast 20 10 Ex. 233 Transnasal Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Candesartan 20 AT1 10 antagonization

TABLE 13 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 — — 30 Ex. 30 Ex. 234 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 235 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 236 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 237 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 BRL50481 100 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 238 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 239 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 hydrochloride activation Ex. 240 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 mesylate activation Ex. 241 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 activation Ex. 242 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Desmopressin 100 V2 30 activation Ex. 243 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 244 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 245 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 246 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Tolterodine 400 M3 30 tartrate antagonization Ex. 247 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 Ex. 248 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Droperidol 100 antagonization 30 Ex. 249 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Sulpiride 100 30 Ex. 250 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Azelastine 200 H1 30 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 251 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Levocetirizine 100 30 Ex. 252 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Mequitazine 100 30 Ex. 253 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Thioperamide 100 H3 30 antagonization Ex. 254 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 255 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 Ex. 256 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Tiolopidine 200 antagonization 30 Ex. 257 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Prasugrel 100 30 Ex. 258 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Apafant 100 PAF 30 antagonization Ex. 259 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 antagonization Ex. 260 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 Ex. 261 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Montelukast 100 antagonization 30 Ex. 262 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Pranlukast 100 30 Ex. 263 Sublingual Solution B/Wisconsin/1/2010 1.0 Candesartan 100 AT1 30 antagonization

TABLE 14 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 — — 10 Ex. 31 Ex. 264 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 265 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 266 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 267 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 BRL50481 20 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 268 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 inhibition Ex. 269 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 hydrochloride activation Ex. 270 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 mesylate activation Ex. 271 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 activation Ex. 272 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Desmopressin 20 V2 10 activation Ex. 273 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 274 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 275 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 276 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Tolterodine 80 M3 10 tartrate antagonization Ex. 277 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 Ex. 278 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Droperidol 20 antagonization 10 Ex. 279 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Sulpiride 20 10 Ex. 280 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Azelastine 40 H1 10 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 281 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Levocetirizine 20 10 Ex. 282 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Mequitazine 20 10 Ex. 283 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Thioperamide 20 H3 10 antagonization Ex. 284 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 285 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 Ex. 286 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Tiolopidine 40 antagonization 10 Ex. 287 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Prasugrel 20 10 Ex. 288 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Apafant 20 PAF 10 antagonization Ex. 289 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 antagonization Ex. 290 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 Ex. 291 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Montelukast 20 antagonization 10 Ex. 292 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Pranlukast 20 10 Ex. 293 Transnasal Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Candesartan 20 AT1 10 antagonization

TABLE 15 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 — — 30 Ex. 32 Ex. 294 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 295 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 296 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 297 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 BRL50481 100 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 298 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 inhibition Ex. 299 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 hydrochloride activation Ex. 300 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 mesylate activation Ex. 301 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 activation Ex. 302 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Desmopressin 100 V2 30 activation Ex. 303 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 304 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 305 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 306 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Tolterodine 400 M3 30 tartrate antagonization Ex. 307 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 Ex. 308 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Droperidol 100 antagonization 30 Ex. 309 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Sulpiride 100 30 Ex. 310 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Azelastine 200 H1 30 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 311 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Levocetirizine 100 30 Ex. 312 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Mequitazine 100 30 Ex. 313 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Thioperamide 100 H3 30 antagonization Ex. 314 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 315 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 Ex. 316 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Tiolopidine 200 antagonization 30 Ex. 317 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Prasugrel 100 30 Ex. 318 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Apafant 100 PAF 30 antagonization Ex. 319 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 antagonization Ex. 320 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 Ex. 321 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Montelukast 100 antagonization 30 Ex. 322 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Pranlukast 100 30 Ex. 323 Sublingual Solution B/Brisbane/60/2008 1.0 Candesartan 100 AT1 30 antagonization

TABLE 16 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 — — 10 Ex. 33 Pneumovax NP Ex. 324 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 325 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 326 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 327 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 BRL50481 20 PDE 10 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 328 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 329 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride activation Ex. 330 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 Pneumovax NP mesylate activation Ex. 331 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 Pneumovax NP activation Ex. 332 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Desmopressin 20 V2 10 Pneumovax NP activation Ex. 333 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 334 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 Pneumovax NP hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 335 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 336 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Tolterodine 80 M3 10 Pneumovax NP tartrate antagonization Ex. 337 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 338 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Droperidol 20 10 Pneumovax NP Ex. 339 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Sulpiride 20 10 Pneumovax NP Ex. 340 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Azelastine 40 H1 10 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 341 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Levocetirizine 20 10 Pneumovax NP Ex. 342 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Mequitazine 20 10 Pneumovax NP Ex. 343 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Thioperamide 20 H3 10 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 344 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 345 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 346 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Tiolopidine 40 10 Pneumovax NP Ex. 347 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Prasugrel 20 10 Pneumovax NP Ex. 348 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Apafant 20 PAF 10 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 349 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 350 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 351 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Montelukast 20 10 Pneumovax NP Ex. 352 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Pranlukast 20 10 Pneumovax NP Ex. 353 Transnasal Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Candesartan 20 AT1 10 Pneumovax NP antagonization

TABLE 17 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 — — 30 Ex. 34 Pneumovax NP Ex. 354 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 355 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 356 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 357 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 BRL50481 100 PDE 30 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 358 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 Pneumovax NP inhibition Ex. 359 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride activation Ex. 360 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 Pneumovax NP mesylate activation Ex. 361 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 Pneumovax NP activation Ex. 362 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Desmopressin 100 V2 30 Pneumovax NP activation Ex. 363 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 364 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 Pneumovax NP hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 365 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 366 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Tolterodine 400 M3 30 Pneumovax NP tartrate antagonization Ex. 367 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 368 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Droperidol 100 30 Pneumovax NP Ex. 369 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Sulpiride 100 30 Pneumovax NP Ex. 370 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Azelastine 200 H1 30 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 371 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Levocetirizine 100 30 Pneumovax NP Ex. 372 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Mequitazine 100 30 Pneumovax NP Ex. 373 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Thioperamide 100 H3 30 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 374 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 Pneumovax NP hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 375 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 376 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Tiolopidine 200 30 Pneumovax NP Ex. 377 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Prasugrel 100 30 Pneumovax NP Ex. 378 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Apafant 100 PAF 30 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 379 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 380 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 Pneumovax NP antagonization Ex. 381 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Montelukast 100 30 Pneumovax NP Ex. 382 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Pranlukast 100 30 Pneumovax NP Ex. 383 Sublingual Solution Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide 20 Candesartan 100 AT1 30 Pneumovax NP antagonization

TABLE 18 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 — — 10 Ex. 35 recombinant protein Ex. 384 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 385 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 386 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 387 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 BRL50481 20 PDE 10 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 388 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 389 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 recombinant protein hydrochloride activation Ex. 390 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 recombinant protein mesylate activation Ex. 391 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 recombinant protein activation Ex. 392 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Desmopressin 20 V2 10 recombinant protein activation Ex. 393 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 recombinant protein hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 394 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 recombinant protein hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 395 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 recombinant protein hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 396 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Tolterodine 80 M3 10 recombinant protein tartrate antagonization Ex. 397 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 398 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Droperidol 20 10 recombinant protein Ex. 399 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Sulpiride 20 10 recombinant protein Ex. 400 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Azelastine 40 H1 10 recombinant protein hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 401 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Levocetirizine 20 10 recombinant protein Ex. 402 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Mequitazine 20 10 recombinant protein Ex. 403 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Thioperamide 20 H3 10 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 404 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 recombinant protein hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 405 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 406 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Tiolopidine 40 10 recombinant protein Ex. 407 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Prasugrel 20 10 recombinant protein Ex. 408 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Apafant 20 PAF 10 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 409 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 410 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 411 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Montelukast 20 10 recombinant protein Ex. 412 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Pranlukast 20 10 recombinant protein Ex. 413 Transnasal Solution HPV16 10 Candesartan 20 AT1 10 recombinant protein antagonization

TABLE 19 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 — — 30 Ex. 36 recombinant protein Ex. 414 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 415 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 416 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 417 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 BRL50481 100 PDE 30 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 418 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 recombinant protein inhibition Ex. 419 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 recombinant protein hydrochloride activation Ex. 420 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 recombinant protein mesylate activation Ex. 421 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 recombinant protein activation Ex. 422 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Desmopressin 100 V2 30 recombinant protein activation Ex. 423 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 recombinant protein hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 424 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 recombinant protein hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 425 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 recombinant protein hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 426 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Tolterodine 400 M3 30 recombinant protein tartrate antagonization Ex. 427 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 428 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Droperidol 100 30 recombinant protein Ex. 429 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Sulpiride 100 30 recombinant protein Ex. 430 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Azelastine 200 H1 30 recombinant protein hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 431 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Levocetirizine 100 30 recombinant protein Ex. 432 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Mequitazine 100 30 recombinant protein Ex. 433 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Thioperamide 100 H3 30 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 434 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 recombinant protein hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 435 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 436 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Tiolopidine 200 30 recombinant protein Ex. 437 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Prasugrel 100 30 recombinant protein Ex. 438 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Apafant 100 PAF 30 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 439 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 440 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 recombinant protein antagonization Ex. 441 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Montelukast 100 30 recombinant protein Ex. 442 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Pranlukast 100 30 recombinant protein Ex. 443 Sublingual Solution HPV16 10 Candesartan 100 AT1 30 recombinant protein antagonization

TABLE 20 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 — — 10 Ex. 37 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 444 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 445 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 446 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 447 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 BRL50481 20 PDE 10 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 448 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 449 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride activation Ex. 450 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 (RIX4414 strain) mesylate activation Ex. 451 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 (RIX4414 strain) activation Ex. 452 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Desmopressin 20 V2 10 (RIX4414 strain) activation Ex. 453 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 454 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 (RIX4414 strain) hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 455 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 456 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Tolterodine 80 M3 10 (RIX4414 strain) tartrate antagonization Ex. 457 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 458 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Droperidol 20 10 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 459 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Sulpiride 20 10 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 460 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Azelastine 40 H1 10 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 461 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Levocetirizine 20 10 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 462 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Mequitazine 20 10 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 463 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Thioperamide 20 H3 10 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 464 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 465 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 466 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Tiolopidine 40 10 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 467 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Prasugrel 20 10 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 468 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Apafant 20 PAF 10 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 469 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 470 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 471 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Montelukast 20 10 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 472 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Pranlukast 20 10 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 473 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Candesartan 20 AT1 10 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization

TABLE 21 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 — — 30 Ex. 38 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 474 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 475 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 476 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 477 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 BRL50481 100 PDE 30 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 478 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 (RIX4414 strain) inhibition Ex. 479 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride activation Ex. 480 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 (RIX4414 strain) mesylate activation Ex. 481 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 (RIX4414 strain) activation Ex. 482 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Desmopressin 100 V2 30 (RIX4414 strain) activation Ex. 483 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 484 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 485 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 486 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Tolterodine 400 M3 30 (RIX4414 strain) tartrate antagonization Ex. 487 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 488 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Droperidol 100 30 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 489 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Sulpiride 100 30 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 490 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Azelastine 200 H1 30 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 491 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Levocetirizine 100 30 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 492 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Mequitazine 100 30 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 493 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Thioperamide 100 H3 30 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 494 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 (RIX4414 strain) hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 495 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 496 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Ticlopidine 200 30 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 497 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Prasugrel 100 30 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 498 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Apafant 100 PAF 30 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 499 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 500 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization Ex. 501 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Montelukast 100 30 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 502 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Pranlukast 100 30 (RIX4414 strain) Ex. 503 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated rotavirus 10 Candesartan 100 AT1 30 (RIX4414 strain) antagonization

TABLE 22 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 39 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 504 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 505 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 506 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 507 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 508 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 509 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 510 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 511 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 512 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 513 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 514 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 515 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 516 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 517 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 518 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 519 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 520 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 521 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 522 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 523 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 524 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 525 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 526 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Ticlopidine 40 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 527 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 528 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 529 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 530 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 531 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 532 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 533 Transnasal Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 23 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 40 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 534 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 535 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 536 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 537 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 538 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 539 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 540 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 541 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 542 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 543 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 544 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 545 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 546 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 547 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 548 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 549 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 550 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 551 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 552 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 553 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 554 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 555 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 556 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Ticlopidine 200 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 557 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 558 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 589 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 560 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 561 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 562 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent Ex. 563 Sublingual Solution Inactivated poliovirus Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 (type 1, type 2, and type 3) 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 24 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 41 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 564 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 565 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 566 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 567 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 568 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 569 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 570 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 571 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 572 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 573 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 574 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 575 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 576 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 577 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 578 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 579 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 580 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 581 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 582 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 583 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 584 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 585 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 586 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Ticlopidine 40 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 587 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 588 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 589 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 590 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 591 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 592 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 593 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 25 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 42 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 594 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 595 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 596 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 597 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 598 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 599 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 600 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 601 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 602 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 603 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 604 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 605 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 606 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 607 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 608 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 609 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 610 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 611 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 612 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 613 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 614 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 615 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 616 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Ticlopidine 200 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 617 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 618 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 619 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 620 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 621 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 622 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 623 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 hepatitis A virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 26 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 43 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 624 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 625 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 626 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 627 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 628 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 629 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 630 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 631 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 632 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 633 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 634 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 635 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 636 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 637 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 638 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 639 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 640 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 641 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 642 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 643 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 644 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 645 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 646 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Ticlopidine 40 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 647 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 648 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 649 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 650 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 651 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 652 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 653 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 27 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 44 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 654 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 655 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 656 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 657 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 658 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 659 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 660 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 661 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 662 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 663 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 664 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 665 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 666 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 667 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 668 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 669 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 670 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 671 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 672 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 673 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 674 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 675 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 676 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Ticlopidine 200 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 677 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 678 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 679 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 680 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 681 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 682 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 683 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Japanese Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 encephalitis virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 28 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 45 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 684 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 685 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 686 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 687 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 688 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 689 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 690 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 691 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 692 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 693 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 694 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 695 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 696 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 697 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 698 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 699 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 700 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 701 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 702 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 703 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 704 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 705 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 706 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Ticlopidine 40 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 707 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 708 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 709 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 710 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 711 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 712 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 713 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 29 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 46 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 714 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 715 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 716 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 717 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 718 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 719 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 720 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 721 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 722 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 723 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 724 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 725 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 726 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 727 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 728 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 729 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 730 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 731 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 732 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 733 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 734 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 735 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 736 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Ticlopidine 200 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 737 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 738 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 739 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 740 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 741 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 742 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 743 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 mumps virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 30 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 47 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 744 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 745 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 746 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 747 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 748 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 749 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 750 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 751 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 752 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 753 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 754 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 755 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 756 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 757 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 758 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 759 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 760 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 761 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 762 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 763 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 764 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 765 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 766 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Ticlopidine 40 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 767 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 768 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 769 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 770 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 771 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 772 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 773 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 31 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 48 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 774 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 775 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 776 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 777 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 778 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 779 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 780 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 781 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 782 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 783 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 784 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 785 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 786 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 787 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 788 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 789 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 790 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 791 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 792 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 793 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 794 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 795 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 796 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Ticlopidine 200 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 797 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 798 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 799 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 800 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 801 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 802 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 803 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 measles virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 32 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 49 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 804 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 805 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 806 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 807 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 808 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 809 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 810 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 811 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 812 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 813 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 814 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 815 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 816 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 817 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 818 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 819 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 820 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 821 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 822 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 823 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 824 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 825 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 826 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Ticlopidine 40 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 827 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 828 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 829 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 830 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 831 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 832 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 833 Trasnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 33 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 50 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 834 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 835 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 836 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 837 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 838 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 839 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 840 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 841 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 842 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 843 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 844 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 845 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 846 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 847 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 848 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 849 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 850 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 851 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 852 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 853 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 854 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 855 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 856 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Ticlopidine 200 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 857 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 858 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 859 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 860 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 861 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 862 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 863 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 rubella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 34 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 51 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 864 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 865 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 866 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 867 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 868 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 869 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 870 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 871 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent activation tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 872 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent activation tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 873 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 874 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 875 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 876 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 877 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 878 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 879 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 880 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 881 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 882 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 883 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 884 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 885 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 886 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Ticlopidine 40 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 887 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 888 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 889 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 890 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 891 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 892 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 893 Transnasal Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate

TABLE 35 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 52 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 894 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 895 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 896 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 897 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 898 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent inhibition tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 899 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 900 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 901 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent activation tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 902 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent activation tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 903 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 904 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 905 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 906 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 907 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 908 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 909 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 910 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 911 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 912 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 913 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 914 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 915 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 916 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Tiolopidine 200 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 917 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 918 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 919 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 920 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 921 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 922 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent tetanus toxoid conjugate Ex. 923 Sublingual Solution Haemophilus influenzae Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 type b polysaccharide- 100 μL equivalent antagonization tetanus toxoid conjugate

TABLE 36 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 53 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 924 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 925 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 926 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 927 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 928 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 929 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 930 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 931 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 932 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 933 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 934 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 935 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 936 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 937 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 938 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 939 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 940 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 941 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 942 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 943 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 944 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 945 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 946 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Tiolopidine 40 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 947 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 948 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 949 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 950 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 951 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 952 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 953 Transnasal Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 37 Antigen TH2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 54 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 954 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 955 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 956 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 957 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 958 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 959 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 960 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 961 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 962 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 963 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 964 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 965 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 966 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 967 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 968 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 969 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 970 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 971 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 972 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 973 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 974 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 975 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 976 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Tiolopidine 200 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 977 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 978 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 979 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 980 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 981 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 982 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent Ex. 983 Sublingual Solution Recombinant HBs Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 antigen protein 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 38 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 55 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 984 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 985 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 986 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 987 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 988 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 989 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 990 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 991 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 992 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 993 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 994 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 995 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 996 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 997 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 998 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 999 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1000 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1001 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1002 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1003 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1004 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1005 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1006 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tiolopidine 40 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1007 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1008 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1009 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1010 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1011 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1012 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1013 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 39 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 56 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1014 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1015 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1016 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1017 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1018 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1019 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1020 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1021 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1022 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1023 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1024 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1025 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1026 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1027 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1028 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1029 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1030 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1031 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1032 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1033 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1034 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1035 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1036 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tiolopidine 200 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1037 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1038 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1039 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1040 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1041 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1042 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1043 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 yellow fever virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 40 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 57 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1044 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1045 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1046 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1047 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1048 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1049 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1050 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1051 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1052 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1053 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1054 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1055 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1056 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1057 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1058 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1059 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1060 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1061 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1062 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1063 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1064 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1065 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1066 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Tiolopidine 40 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1067 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1068 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1069 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1070 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1071 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1072 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1073 Transnasal Solution Tetanus Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 41 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 58 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1074 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1075 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1076 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1077 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1078 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1079 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1080 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1081 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1082 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1083 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1084 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1085 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1086 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1087 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1088 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1089 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1090 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1091 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1092 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1093 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1094 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1095 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1096 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Tiolopidine 200 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1097 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1098 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1099 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1100 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1101 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1102 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1103 Sublingual Solution Tetanus Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 toxoid 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 42 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 59 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1104 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1105 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1106 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1107 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1108 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1109 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1110 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1111 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1112 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1113 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1114 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1115 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1116 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1117 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1118 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1119 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1120 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1121 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1122 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1123 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1124 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1125 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1126 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tiolopidine 40 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1127 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1128 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1129 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1130 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1131 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1132 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1133 Transnasal Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 43 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 60 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1134 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1135 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1136 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1137 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1138 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1139 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1140 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1141 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1142 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1143 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1144 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1145 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1146 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1147 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1148 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1149 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1150 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1151 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1152 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1153 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1154 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1155 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1156 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Tiolopidine 200 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1157 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1158 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1159 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1160 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1161 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1162 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent Ex. 1163 Sublingual Solution Live attenuated Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 varicella virus 100 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 44 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 61 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1164 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1165 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1166 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1167 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1168 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1169 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1170 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 30 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1171 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 30 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1172 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 30 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1173 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1174 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 30 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1175 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1176 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 30 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1177 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1178 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1179 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1180 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1181 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1182 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1183 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1184 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1185 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1186 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Tiolopidine 40 10 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1187 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1188 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1189 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1190 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1191 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1192 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1193 Transnasal Solution Live BCG Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 30 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 45 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 62 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1194 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1195 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1196 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1197 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1198 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 30 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1199 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1200 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 30 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1201 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 30 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1202 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 30 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1203 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1204 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 30 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1205 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1206 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 30 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1207 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1208 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1209 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1210 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1211 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1212 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1213 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1214 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 30 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1215 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1216 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Tiolopidine 200 30 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1217 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1218 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1219 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1220 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 30 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1221 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1222 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 30 μL equivalent Ex. 1223 Sublingual Solution Live BCG Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 30 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 46 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine — — 10 Ex. 63 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1224 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Resveratrol 40 PDE 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1225 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Vinpocetine 20 PDE 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1226 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pimobendan 20 PDE 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1227 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine BRL50481 20 PDE 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1228 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Dipyridamole 40 PDE 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1229 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 20 β2 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1230 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Fenoldopam 20 D1 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1231 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Cisapride 20 5-HT4 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1232 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Desmopressin 20 V2 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1233 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Prazosin 80 α1,2 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1234 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pirenzepine 20 M1 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1235 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Oxybutynin 40 M2 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1236 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Tolterodine 80 M3 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1237 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Fluphenazine 10 D2 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1238 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Droperidol 20 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1239 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Sulpiride 20 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1240 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Azelastine 40 H1 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1241 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Levocetirizine 20 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1242 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Mequitazine 20 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1243 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Thioperamide 20 H3 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1244 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 20 5-HT2 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1245 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Clopidogrel 20 P2Y12 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1246 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Tiolopidine 40 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1247 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Prasugrel 20 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1248 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Apafant 20 PAF 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1249 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Naloxone 20 μ, κ, σ 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1250 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Zafirlukast 20 CysLT 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1251 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Montelukast 20 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1252 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pranlukast 20 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1253 Transnasal Solution Inactivated Vaccine Candesartan 20 AT1 10 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization

TABLE 47 Antigen Th2 reaction promoter Administration Dosage Amount Amount Pharmacological Amount route form Name [μg] Name [μg] effect [μL] Comp. Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine — — 30 Ex. 64 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1254 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Resveratrol 200 PDE 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1255 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Vinpocetine 100 PDE 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1256 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pimobendan 100 PDE 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1257 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine BRL50481 100 PDE 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1258 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Dipyridamole 200 PDE 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent inhibition Ex. 1259 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Methoxyphenamine 100 β2 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride activation Ex. 1260 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Fenoldopam 100 D1 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent mesylate activation Ex. 1261 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Cisapride 100 5-HT4 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1262 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Desmopressin 100 V2 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent activation Ex. 1263 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Prazosin 400 α1,2 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1264 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pirenzepine 100 M1 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hycrochloride antagonization Ex. 1265 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Oxybutynin 200 M2 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1266 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Tolterodine 400 M3 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent tartrate antagonization Ex. 1267 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Fluphenazine 50 D2 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1268 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Droperidol 100 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1269 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Sulpiride 100 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1270 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Azelastine 200 H1 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1271 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Levocetirizine 100 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1272 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Mequitazine 100 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1273 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Thioperamide 100 H3 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1274 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Sarpogrelate 100 5-HT2 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent hydrochloride antagonization Ex. 1275 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Clopidogrel 100 P2Y12 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1276 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Tiolopidine 200 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1277 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Prasugrel 100 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1278 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Apafant 100 PAF 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1279 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Naloxone 100 μ, κ, σ 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1280 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Zafirlukast 100 CysLT 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization Ex. 1281 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Montelukast 100 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1282 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Pranlukast 100 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent Ex. 1283 Sublingual Solution Inactivated Vaccine Candesartan 100 AT1 30 rabies virus 200 μL equivalent antagonization

The evaluation of the humoral immunity inducing effect shows that the transmucosal administration (transnasal administration) of a solution for transmucosal administration containing a Th2 reaction promoter (Examples 1 to 30) provides a higher antigen-specific IgG antibody titer than the administration of a solution for transmucosal administration free from a Th2 reaction promoter (Comparative Examples 1 to 8). Although the antigen and the Th2 reaction promoter in the examples were administered in the same formulation, the effect mentioned above can be obtained also when they are in separate formulations and administered separately. Not only in the case of the solution for transmucosal administration, but also in the case of other dosage forms such as solutions for subcutaneous administration or creams for transdermal administration, a high antigen-specific IgG antibody titer as mentioned above can be obtained by preparing an antigen and a Th2 reaction promoter as different formulations and administering them separately.

TABLE 48 Amount [Parts by Additive weight] White Vaseline 60.7 Sorbitan monostearate 0.7 Isostearic acid 12 Benzyl alcohol 2.4 Cetanol 2.4 Stearyl alcohol 3.5 Polysorbate 60 3.5 Concentrated glycerin 2.4 Purified water 12.4 Total 100 

1. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising: an antigen; and a G protein-coupled receptor ligand that is at least one selected from an antagonist for a Gi-coupled GPCR and an antagonist for a Gq-coupled GPCR.
 2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, configured to be administered to a body surface.
 3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, configured to be administered by intradermal injection, subcutaneous injection, or intramuscular injection.
 4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the antagonist is selected from the group consisting of an adrenergic receptor antagonist, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, a dopamine receptor antagonist, a histamine receptor antagonist, a serotonin receptor antagonist, a PAF receptor antagonist, a purine receptor antagonist, a vasopressin receptor antagonist, an opioid receptor antagonist, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, and an angiotensin receptor antagonist. 